{"id":115487,"date":"2013-04-24T19:12:52","date_gmt":"2013-04-24T22:12:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/?p=115487"},"modified":"2017-03-07T18:34:14","modified_gmt":"2017-03-07T21:34:14","slug":"images-of-distant-cultures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/images-of-distant-cultures\/","title":{"rendered":"Images of distant cultures"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Fifteen-year-old

Harald Schultz\/MAE-USP\u2002Collection <\/span>Fifteen-year-old youths of the Wauj\u00e1 tribe are adorned with paint for a competition in 1964. Men and children paint one another in preparation for the games.Harald Schultz\/MAE-USP\u2002Collection <\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

While working as ethnographer among the Umutina Indians of Mato Grosso do Sul between 1943 and 1945, Harald Schultz of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul received an arrow through the arm from an Indian who believed he had outstayed his welcome in his village. Schultz was rescued by other members of the tribe, eventually recovered, and the event – related in Vinte e tr\u00eas \u00edndios resistem \u00e0 civiliza\u00e7\u00e3o <\/i>(Twenty-three Indians resist civilization) <\/i>(ed. Melhoramentos, 1953) – was treated as a minor setback that did nothing to discourage his interest in other cultures.\u00a0 The ethnographer filmed and photographed the Indians along with collecting tribal artifacts throughout Brazil as well as in countries like Peru and Bol\u00edvia that border it.\u00a0 \u201cHe was one of the pioneers in the field of visual anthropology in Brazil, creating a photographic record of enormous technical and artistic value,\u201d says Sandra de La Torre Campos, an anthropologist at the Museum of Archeology and Ethnology of the University of S\u00e3o Paulo (MAE\/USP).<\/p>\n

A number of Schultz\u2019 photographs can be viewed at two exhibitions traveling throughout museums in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo.\u00a0 The first, Harald Schultz, olhar antropol\u00f3gico<\/i> (Harald Schultz,<\/i> the anthropologist\u2019s eye) depicting indigenous children, opened in 2011.\u00a0 Harald Schultz, fot\u00f3grafo e etn\u00f3grafo <\/i>(Harald Schultz photographer and ethnographer), the second exhibition, launched in 2012, portrays the aesthetics of bodily adornments, headdresses, and paintings.\u00a0 \u201cShultz\u2019 photographs are important to anthropology because we can use them for ethnographic and historical studies of the time in which they were taken,\u201d says MAE researcher and docent Mar\u00edlia Xavier Cury, curator for both exhibitions.\u00a0 \u201cThe cultures change and what the photographs show are the cultures at the time and place in which they were taken\u2019\u201d she adds.\u00a0 The collection of photographs that Schultz left\u00a0 is precious because it enables research and several comparative studies to be carried out on indigenous cultures of the past and the transformations they have undergone.<\/p>\n

\"Schultz

FUNAI Indian Museum \u2013 Brazil Collection<\/span>Schultz beside a Kadiw\u00e9u woman, in Mato Grosso do Sul (1942), photographed during a documentary produced by the former SPIFUNAI Indian Museum \u2013 Brazil Collection<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

Harald Schultz (1909-1966) was born in Porto Alegre to a Brazilian mother and a German father.\u00a0 He studied in Germany from age six to 15 before returning to Brazil, where he developed a passion for photography.\u00a0 \u201cHe photographed Brazilian President Get\u00falio Vargas in Iju\u00ed, state of Rio Grande do Sul, who invited him to work in Rio de Janeiro during the 1930s,\u201d recalls Shultz\u2019 widow, the anthropologist Vilma Chiara, now 86.\u00a0 It was in the former national capital that Schultz began his work in 1939 with the Indian Protection Service (SPI now known as the National Indian Foundation (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional do Indio \u2013 Funai) \u2013 under Marshal C\u00e2ndido Rondon.\u00a0 Schultz also attended courses taught by Curt Nimuendaju, a German ethnologist who dedicated 40 years to the study of Brazil\u2019s indigenous peoples.<\/p>\n

In 1947, Schultz left the SPI for a position at the Museu Paulista at the invitation of Herbert Baldus, a German professor of Brazilian ethnology at the S\u00e3o Paulo School of Sociology and Politics.\u00a0 Schultz also attended Baldus\u2019 classes.\u00a0 According to Cury, \u201cHe was a talented photographer and a very good collector of artifacts, but had no academic training.\u201d\u00a0 \u201cIn fact, Harald was more interested in dealing directly with the Indians and actually preferred filming and photography,\u201d says his widow Vilma, who often accompanied him in the field as professional anthropologist.\u00a0 Schultz would stay in the villages for months.\u00a0 His widow recalls Schultz\u2019 frequent visits to 25 de Mar\u00e7o Street in the commercial district of S\u00e3o Paulo, where he would ask the shopkeepers for donations of every variety.\u00a0 He would then exchange these items for artifacts: ornaments, baskets, ceramics, woven mats, hammocks, among others objects of Indian manufacture now part of the Museu Paulista collection.<\/p>\n

The ethnographer from Rio Grande do Sul wrote monographs and gathered archaeological material for research.\u00a0 His articles were published in magazines abroad, and his photographs frequently appeared in the pages of National Geographic<\/i>.\u00a0 Schultz and Baldus had a good partnership.\u00a0 \u201cBaldus would often go into the field and Schultz would then join him to begin his work in iconography and\/or artifacts collecting,\u201d says Cury.\u00a0 By 1965, he had made 57 short films depicting the dances, rituals, and manual work of the Javah\u00e9, Karaj\u00e1, Krah\u00f4, Uruku, and Waur\u00e1 tribes, among others.\u00a0 Today these films can be found in the MAE\/USP archives, along with a collection of 1,227 slides.\u00a0 But there is more \u2013 much more \u2013 in the hands of Walter, the son born to Shultz and Chiara.\u00a0 \u201cIn Paris, where he lives, he has 24,000 slides of his father\u2019s photographs that date back to 1950, the year we married,\u201d Chiara recalls.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Photographs by Harald Schultz chronicles his experiences working among indigenous ","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[152],"tags":[204],"coauthors":[104],"class_list":["post-115487","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-retrospect","tag-visual-arts"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115487","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=115487"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115487\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=115487"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=115487"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=115487"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=115487"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}