{"id":128693,"date":"2008-09-01T00:00:20","date_gmt":"2008-09-01T03:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/?p=128693"},"modified":"2017-06-14T16:31:27","modified_gmt":"2017-06-14T19:31:27","slug":"bringing-people-together-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/bringing-people-together-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Bringing people together"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Lalo de Almeida\/Folha Imagem<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Brazil\u2019s largest and most collaborative\u00a0multidisciplinary\u00a0effort ever was released at the\u00a0end of last month, to increase\u00a0understanding of global climate\u00a0change. Scientists from\u00a0several areas in S\u00e3o Paulo\u00a0State, ranging from the physical and\u00a0natural sciences to the humanities, were\u00a0summoned to take part in the FAPESP\u00a0Program of Research into Global Climate\u00a0Change, officially launched on\u00a0August 28 in the morning. R$ 100 million\u00a0will be invested over the next ten\u00a0years \u2013 or some R$ 10 million a year\u00a0\u2013 in the bringing together of basic and\u00a0applied studies into the causes of global\u00a0warming and its effects on people\u2019s\u00a0lives. \u201cThe aim is to increase the quantity\u00a0and quality of S\u00e3o Paulo researchers\u2019\u00a0 contributions into the progress of our\u00a0understanding of this complex subject;\u00a0we expect the program to foster further \u00a0studies into subjects that are of specific interest to Brazil,\u201d stated FAPESP\u2019s\u00a0scientific director, Carlos Henrique de\u00a0Brito Cruz. \u201cWe hope that the growth\u00a0of Brazil\u2019s scientifi c output in this field\u00a0earns it more room in the global debate\u00a0on climate change,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

Two calls for proposals were released,\u00a0totaling R$ 16 million in grants.\u00a0This amount is to be funded equally\u00a0by FAPESP and by CNP (Brazil\u2019s National\u00a0Scientifi c and Technological Development\u00a0Council), through Pronex,\u00a0the Aid Program for Centers of Excellence.\u00a0One of the calls will provide R$\u00a013.4 million in grants for projects in six\u00a0different subjects. The fi rst is how ecosystems\u00a0work, with emphasis on biodiversity and the carbon and nitrogen\u00a0cycles. The second is the atmosphere\u00a0radiation balance, in particular studies\u00a0on aerosols, the so-called trace-gases\u00a0(carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides\u00a0and volatile organic compounds,\u00a0among others); and the change in the\u00a0use of the soil. The third concerns the\u00a0effects of climate change on crop and\u00a0livestock farming. The fourth deals\u00a0with energy and the greenhouse gas effects. \u00a0The fifth covers effects on health,\u00a0and the sixth, the human dimensions\u00a0of global environmental change. Since\u00a0the program\u2019s initia stage aims to establish\u00a0and link researchers\u2019 networks,\u00a0FAPESP chose to fund theme projects,\u00a0but future calls for proposals may provide\u00a0other types of grants, such as Aid\u00a0to Young Researchers. Agreements with\u00a0research aid foundations in three states\u00a0(Amazonas, Par\u00e1 and Rio de Janeiro)\u00a0will be taken into account in the public\u00a0notices that are to be released in coming\u00a0weeks.<\/p>\n

The reason for having this program\u00a0goes beyond the pressing need to get\u00a0Brazilian knowledge of this subject\u00a0to advance, at a time when scientists\u00a0worldwide are being marshaled to understand\u00a0climate change and to face\u00a0its consequences. There are a number\u00a0of effects an aspects linked to global\u00a0warming that affect or will come to\u00a0affect Brazil in a unique manner. It is\u00a0therefore up to its researchers to investigate\u00a0them and to fi nd answers about\u00a0how to face them. \u201cDeveloped countries\u00a0want to involve all developing nations\u00a0in the same major global struggle to\u00a0cut greenhouse gas emissions. They\u2019re\u00a0concerned with adaptation to climate\u00a0changes, but not with our adaptation,\u201d\u00a0stated Carlos Nobre, who coordinates\u00a0the FAPESP Program of Research into\u00a0Global Climate Change as well as the\u00a0newly created CCST (Center for Terrestrial\u00a0System Science) of Inpe, the\u00a0National Space Research Institute.<\/p>\n

As most scientists agree, human\u00a0activities are contributing hugely\u00a0to climate change due to gas emissions\u00a0and aerosols, all of which cause the greenhouse effect. The ongoing\u00a0changes in Brazil\u2019s patterns of greenery,\u00a0for instance, are a key regional factor\u00a0refl ecting this. The slash burning\u00a0of forests, in addition to deteriorating\u00a0air quality, is a major source of aerosols\u00a0and trace gases. Changes in the\u00a0rainfall regime, to which the rising\u00a0frequency of natural disasters such as\u00a0floods and droughts are ascribed, may\u00a0have a financial impact on the output\u00a0of hydroelectric power stations, on soil\u00a0erosion or on the water supply. Rising\u00a0temperatures are likely to affect biodiversity,\u00a0particularly in areas where the\u00a0original vegetation has already become\u00a0fragmented, or agriculture, by making it\u00a0possible for new pests to appear, or by\u00a0making it no longer feasible to maintain\u00a0existing plantations that demand mild\u00a0temperatures. The probable rise in the\u00a0sea level poses a risk both for the millions\u00a0of Brazilians who live along the\u00a0coast and for the coastal ecosystems.\u00a0As for health, illnesses such as dengue\u00a0fever and malaria may increase\u00a0in areas of rising rainfall, while the\u00a0atmosphere\u2019s pollution may spur\u00a0an increase in heart and respiratory conditions. This glum outlook raises\u00a0countless issues for researchers.<\/p>\n

\"\"RAIMUNDO VALENTIM\/DIARIO DA AMAZONIA\/PAGOS<\/span>Carlos Nobre lists some of the aims\u00a0of this investigative effort, such as reducing\u00a0uncertainties as to what is driving\u00a0Brazil\u2019s climate change. \u201cWe see the\u00a0changes, but fi nd it diffi cult to determine\u00a0if they\u2019re due to global warming\u00a0or deforestation. A signifi cant change\u00a0in Brazil\u2019s vegetation is occurring at\u00a0the same time as climate phenomena,\u00a0so that sometimes the\u00a0signs get confused,\u201d stated\u00a0Nobre. \u201cAs public policies\u00a0demand sound scientific\u00a0knowledge, one must invest\u00a0in studies capable of\u00a0finding the causes,\u201d he\u00a0said. Another focus will be\u00a0to measure the country\u2019s vulnerability to\u00a0climate change in fi elds such as health,\u00a0agriculture, water resources and renewable\u00a0energy. \u201cWe know little about the\u00a0future impact [of this] on people\u2019s lives\u00a0and society. Surveying our vulnerability\u00a0will enable us to design policies for the\u00a0necessary adaptations.\u201d<\/p>\n

Yet another of the program\u2019s objectives\u00a0is to achieve closer international\u00a0collaboration, by putting Brazilian\u00a0researchers in contact with the best\u00a0climate change study centers in the\u00a0world. Cooperation is essential and\u00a0IGBP (the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program) or the IPCC (The\u00a0Intergovernmental Panel on Climate\u00a0Changes), among others, are targeted\u00a0in the FAPESP program. Another aim\u00a0is to become familiar with and develop\u00a0new technologies for mitigating the effects greenhouse gases emissions, in the\u00a0fields such as renewable energy, and to\u00a0make it possible for society to adapt\u00a0to the changes, including\u00a0the establishment of\u00a0partnerships with the private\u00a0sector.<\/p>\n

Agriculture\u00a0faces a series of technological\u00a0challenges, such as\u00a0adapting crops to higher\u00a0temperatures. \u201cThere are\u00a0good ideas that merit research efforts,\u00a0such as forest husbandry and crop and\u00a0livestock farming systems that bring\u00a0together high-productivity ranching,\u00a0agricultural crops and the planting of\u00a0trees, or techniques such as growing\u00a0trees in coffee plantations,\u201d said Eduardo\u00a0Assad, a researcher from Embrapa\u00a0(the Brazilian Crop and Livestock\u00a0Farming Research Company), who is\u00a0also involved with coordinating the\u00a0FAPESP program. \u201cWe also need to\u00a0improve our measuring of agriculture\u2019s\u00a0capacity to capture carbon,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

A second call for proposals, granting\u00a0R$ 2.6 million, aims at choosing a\u00a0group of researchers to create the\u00a0first Brazilian climate model: a software\u00a0program to produce sophisticated climate\u00a0simulations. The need to develop\u00a0domestic competence in this field can\u00a0be explained a follows: at present, to\u00a0estimate climate change effects, one\u00a0employs non-specifi c computing tools\u00a0that are actually segments of world wide\u00a0forecasts. \u201cAchieving this autonomy is\u00a0strategic for the country,\u201d said Carlos\u00a0Nobre. \u201cBrazil is large, diverse and has\u00a0a large range of climates. Economic\u00a0exploitation is heavily tied to natural\u00a0resources and depends substantially\u00a0on climate. The ability\u00a0to make simulations that\u00a0are of greater interest to\u00a0Brazil and South America\u00a0will give us the assurance\u00a0of good quality forecasts.\u201d\u00a0According to him, Brazil\u00a0will join a select group of\u00a0countries that have a climate model,\u00a0such as the United States, Japan and\u00a0England. As a result, the importance\u00a0of the scientifi c community in this fi eld\u00a0will increase.<\/p>\n

The researcher explains that to develop\u00a0and refine the climate model,\u00a0Brazil will not start from scratch.\u00a0\u201cWe\u2019ll establish partnerships with two\u00a0or three world-class centers and we\u2019ll\u00a0be able to choose certain modules of\u00a0their model to add to our own,\u201d said\u00a0Nobre; he believes this will take at least\u00a0four years. Brito Cruz, FAPESP\u2019s scientific director, explains the foundation\u2019s\u00a0expectations of this model. \u201cWe hope\u00a0that, at some point in time, a climate\u00a0scenario generated by S\u00e3o Paulo researchers\u00a0will be used as\u00a0the basis for IPCC analyses,\u201d\u00a0he said, referring to the United Nations\u2019 collegiate\u00a0of scientists that update\u00a0knowledge of global\u00a0change every fi ve years.\u00a0\u201cOne good thing about\u00a0the call for proposals is that it will provide\u00a0grants for masters\u2019 degrees, doctorates\u00a0and post-doc work. Thus, we\u2019ll be\u00a0able to plan the training of PhDs in very\u00a0complex fields,\u201d said Nobre.<\/p>\n

\"\"J.L.Cibils\/Folha Imagem<\/span><\/a>The creation of a Brazilian climate\u00a0model will be possible thanks to R$48 million in investments, announced\u00a0about two months ago. Inpe will house\u00a0one of the world\u2019s most powerful supercomputers,\u00a0with a processing capacity\u00a0of 15 trillion mathematical operations\u00a0per second, for research into climate\u00a0change. Out of the total of R$ 48 million,\u00a0R$ 35 million will come from the\u00a0Ministry of Science and Technology (MST) and R$ 13 million from FAPESP.\u00a0The investment combines the MST\u2019s\u00a0priority in the study of climate change\u00a0with FAPESP\u2019s program. \u201cWith this\u00a0kind of supercomputer, we\u2019ll be able\u00a0to coordinate climate in a way nobody\u00a0could have dreamt of 60 years ago,\u201d\u00a0stated S\u00e9rgio Rezende, the Science and\u00a0Technology minister.<\/p>\n

Inpe has volunteered to house the\u00a0new program\u2019s executive offi ce and is\u00a0already preparing to get the supercomputer ,\u00a0 scheduled to go into operation in\u00a02009. The machine will be installed at\u00a0CPTEC, the Weather Forecasting and\u00a0Climate Studies Center in the town\u00a0of Cachoeira Paulista, in the Vale do\u00a0Para\u00edba area of the state. Thirty percent\u00a0of the supercomputer\u2019s time will\u00a0be earmarked for the program\u2019s research networks, for them to simulate\u00a0the effects of climate on human health,\u00a0biodiversity, crop and livestock farming,\u00a0etc. The FAPESP scientific director\u00a0highlights Inpe\u2019s aid to the program:\u00a0besides housing the supercomputer,\u00a0it will also second expert staff to help\u00a0in using the machine. Five researchers\u00a0will be hired for this task, under the\u00a0coordination of a head-scientist. \u201cIt\u2019s a\u00a0special level of institutional aid, which\u00a0we have seldom achieved in our programs,\u201d\u00a0stated Brito Cruz.<\/p>\n

The program\u2019s multidisciplinary\u00a0nature also raises other challenges.\u00a0One of its aims is to ensure the bringing\u00a0together and communication of\u00a0all the researchers involved. \u201cThe results\u00a0of some must further the results\u00a0of others,\u201d said Brito Cruz. This strategy\u00a0reiterates the experiences of the\u00a0Biota-FAPESP Program, which led to\u00a0a description of more than 500 species\u00a0of plants and animals distributed\u00a0across S\u00e3o Paulo State\u2019s 250 sq km, and\u00a0which resorted to project integration protocols to enable researchers from\u00a0different areas to produce and share access\u00a0to the data collected on S\u00e3o Paulo biodiversity. \u201cOne of our main challenges\u00a0is to create biodiversity modeling\u00a0competence,\u201d said Carlos Alfredo\u00a0Joly, a professor at the State University\u00a0of Campinas (Unicamp) who coordinated\u00a0Biota-FAPESP and who is also\u00a0involved in coordinating the Climate\u00a0Changes Program where biodiversity\u00a0is concerned. \u201cWe have the competence\u00a0to take inventorie and to characterize\u00a0landscapes and the loss of habitats.\u00a0Now we must integrate this data into\u00a0models that can simulate the impact of\u00a0climate change upon ecosystems and\u00a0species,\u201d he stated.<\/p>\n

Joly provides practical examples\u00a0of how modeling can leverage the understanding\u00a0of the impact of climate\u00a0change. \u201cClimate change can alter the\u00a0period when a given species fl owers or\u00a0yields fruit. Mathematical modeling will\u00a0allow us to work out a detailed forecast\u00a0of the effects of change: whether the\u00a0pollinating insect or bird will be present\u00a0at the time of fl owering, whether the\u00a0number of fruit produced will drop and\u00a0what effect this will have on the survival\u00a0of species whose diets depend on\u00a0the fruit,\u201d he explained. Other possible\u00a0simulation targets are invading insects\u00a0or plants, which may benefi t from the\u00a0ecosystem changes that climate change\u00a0may bring about.<\/p>\n

\"\"Jorge Ara\u00fajo\/Folha Imagem<\/span><\/a>In Brazil, biodiversity interacts\u00a0sharply and complexly with climate\u00a0changes: it both affects and is affected\u00a0by the latter. \u201cBiodiversity certainly suffers\u00a0as a result of climate change, as it\u00a0alters habitats and can lead to species\u00a0being lost in fragmented landscapes,\u201d\u00a0said Joly. \u201cOn the other hand, biodiversity\u00a0also absorbs the shock of the\u00a0changes. Forests and marine plankton,\u00a0for example, account for a large stock of\u00a0carbon. If the forest were to disappear,\u00a0the consequences would be major. Moisture\u00a0in the midwest and in the southeast\u00a0comes from the Amazon region. If the\u00a0forest vanishes, these regions\u2019 entire\u00a0agricultural area will be affected,\u201d said\u00a0the researcher. Among the biodiversity \u00a0themes the program will study, some\u00a0issues stand out, such as reconstructing\u00a0the patterns of the fl ora and fauna of the\u00a0past and their connections to climate\u00a0change; the effects of more CO2 on the\u00a0physiology of native plants; the impact\u00a0of deforestation o economic and environmental\u00a0systems; and an increase in\u00a0the wealth of studies about water systems,\u00a0among others.<\/p>\n

The idea of introducing a program\u00a0to integrate various aspects of climate\u00a0change arose from the fact that the complexity\u00a0of the problems in question is\u00a0incompatible with the unchanging and\u00a0conventional point of view of single disciplines.\u00a0Moreover, adding humanities\u00a0to efforts led by the physical and natural\u00a0sciences is considered crucial in order to\u00a0understand the causes and consequences\u00a0of phenomena that are caused by man,\u00a0after all. \u201cTo discuss the program\u2019s format,\u00a0we brought together people from\u00a0several areas, like economics, health, biology \u00a0and engineering, to make sure the\u00a0program would be coordinated, inclusive\u00a0and cross-sectional,\u201d said Pedro Leite da\u00a0Silva Dias, a professor at the Astronomy,\u00a0Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences of\u00a0the University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP) and\u00a0director of the National Laboratory for\u00a0Scientific Computing, also involved in\u00a0coordinating the program.<\/p>\n

Another diagnosis shows even\u00a0though Brazil has a critical mas\u00a0of people in the natural sciences,\u00a0it lacks the coordinated effort required\u00a0to bring its scientists together and produce\u00a0broader results. \u201cBrazil doesn\u2019t do\u00a0modest research in this fi eld. It\u2019s one of\u00a0the leaders, but there\u2019s a lack of coordination\u00a0among the researchers,\u201d said\u00a0Paulo Artaxo, a professor at the Physics\u00a0Institute of the University of S\u00e3o Paulo\u00a0(USP) and coordinator of the program\u00a0that focuses on the atmosphere\u2019s radiation\u00a0balance and the role of aerosols.\u00a0He refers, for instance, Brazilian\u00a0researchers\u2019 active involvement in the\u00a0IPCC \u2013 both he and Carlos Nobre are\u00a0examples of this. Nobre also stresses the\u00a0relevance of Brazilian research. \u201cIn the\u00a020 main international journals, 1.5% of\u00a0the articles on climate science or interdisciplinary\u00a0themes connected to it are\u00a0by Brazilians, and two thirds of them\u00a0were conducted in S\u00e3o Paulo. This ratio\u00a0is a little below the average Brazilian\u00a0academic production \u00a0in internationally\u00a0indexed journals, which is 2% of the\u00a0total, but it\u2019s signifi cant,\u201d stated Nobre.\u00a0Biota-FAPESP is of the few exceptions\u00a0to the \u2018lack of coordination\u2019 rule, as\u00a0it integrated researchers from several\u00a0fields, as LBA (the Large Scale Project\u00a0on the Biosphere and Atmosphere of\u00a0the Amazon Region), which generated\u00a0a huge amount of data on the interaction\u00a0between the Amazon region and\u00a0the global climate system. \u201cWe will have\u00a0the opportunity to use data collected by\u00a0LBA and other programs and to use this\u00a0in computer simulations that will allow\u00a0us to study the interaction between the\u00a0Amazon Forest, the Pantanal swamplands\u00a0and climate, for instance,\u201d said\u00a0Pedro Leite da Silva Dias.<\/p>\n

One of the program\u2019s innovations\u00a0is to invite researchers in humanities to\u00a0join the effort. \u201cWe\u2019re very curious to\u00a0see what proposals will come up,\u201d said\u00a0demographer Daniel Joseph Hogan,\u00a0a professor at Unicamp who works at\u00a0the university\u2019s Center for Population\u00a0Studies and for Environmental Studies\u00a0and Research and who also coordinates\u00a0the effort\u2019s segment concerning the human\u00a0dimensions of climate change. He\u00a0guesses some of the themes that may\u00a0arise. \u201cIt would be interesting for us to\u00a0get international relations researchers,\u00a0for instance, to submit projects about\u00a0treaties and supranational entities\u00a0involved in climate change and how\u00a0they challenge the established notions\u00a0of national sovereignty,\u201d he stated. The\u00a0issues of food security, urbanization\u00a0and technological transformation of\u00a0industry in the pursuit of sustainability\u00a0are other subjects that may arise.<\/p>\n

Hogan reminds us that social scientists\u00a0took a long time to become\u00a0interested in the effects of global\u00a0warming and were awakened thanks to the warnings of their colleagues in the\u00a0natural sciences. \u201cSociologists and anthropologists\u00a0have difficulty dealing\u00a0with phenomena that are still to come\u00a0true from the long-term perspective.\u00a0They are used to doing this with past\u00a0phenomena,\u201d he stated. One of the references of the Program of Research\u00a0into Global Climate Changes is the\u00a0IHDP (International Human Dimensions\u00a0Program), established in 1990 to\u00a0research critical topics for the understanding\u00a0of man\u2019s influence on global\u00a0change and the implications of global\u00a0change for human society.<\/p>\n

\"\"Caio Guatelli\/Folha Imagem<\/span><\/a>Though other countries are far\u00a0ahead of Brazil in the study of human\u00a0aspects, Hogan notes that the\u00a0sophistication of these studies is not\u00a0on a par with that of the research into\u00a0areas like physics or meteorology, for\u00a0example. \u201cSuffi ce it to compare the\u00a0four reports released by the IPCC last\u00a0year. The fi rst, which covers the subject\u2019s\u00a0accrued scientifi c basis, had the\u00a0greatest repercussion, as it determined\u00a0the causes and future effects of climate\u00a0change with a high degree of certainty.\u00a0The others, which dealt with the human\u00a0dimensions, were less incisive,\u201d he stated. According to him, there are\u00a0commonsensical generalizations that\u00a0demand further studies, such as the\u00a0idea that climate change will tend to be\u00a0more harmful to the poor. \u201cHeat peaks\u00a0mainly affect small children and the elderly.\u00a0One must create public policy\u00a0strategies to face such extreme events.\u00a0This means preparing to act before and\u00a0after the event. Brazil is still very much\u00a0a beginner in this,\u201d said the professor.<\/p>\n

Where human health is concerned,\u00a0the challenge of building research networks\u00a0will be complex, foresees the area\u2019s coordinator, Paulo Saldiva, a professor of\u00a0medicine at USP. \u201cThe approach is very\u00a0different from traditional\u00a0research into health. We\u00a0aren\u2019t just interested in surveying epidemiological\u00a0data or evaluating risks,\u00a0but also in integrating\u00a0experts in anthropology,\u00a0healthcare management\u00a0and urbanization,\u201d said Saldiva. \u201cWe\u2019re\u00a0talking about complex phenomena.\u00a0The temperature increase will also affect\u00a0health by changing the dynamics of\u00a0cities. People from the countryside may\u00a0have to move to the cities, causing shantytowns\u00a0to grow and healthcare costs to rise. I compare this challenge to facing\u00a0the diseases resulting from pollution in\u00a0S\u00e3o Paulo. Medicine provides incomplete\u00a0tools for dealing with the problem, which become an urban planning issue,\u201d\u00a0he stated. The professor expects projects\u00a0on several of these issues\u00a0to appear. \u201cIf they\u2019re isolated\u00a0proposals, we\u2019ll integrate\u00a0them and make\u00a0the researchers work in\u00a0networks,\u201d he stated.<\/p>\n

Carlos Nobre, the\u00a0program\u2019s coordinator,\u00a0believes that the project will take off\u00a0faster if most of the proposals submitted\u00a0incorporate the interdisciplinary\u00a0spirit that permeates the program.\u00a0\u201cThere are no boundaries for the proposals.\u00a0They can freely focus on basic\u00a0or applied research. The challenge is to\u00a0get the groups to talk to each other. The more cross-institutional the projects,\u00a0the greater the likelihood of it all working\u00a0out,\u201d stated Nobre.<\/p>\n

At the program\u2019s launch, the S\u00e3o Paulo\u00a0State secretary for the Environment,\u00a0Xico Graziano, announced\u00a0that the state government will submit\u00a0to the state congress a bill on climate\u00a0change, proposing actions to reduce\u00a0the state\u2019s emission of gases. Fernando\u00a0Henrique Cardoso, former president\u00a0of Brazil, who attended the ceremony,\u00a0recalled that scientists\u2019 efforts must also\u00a0target informing and involving society\u00a0so that the knowledge created may turn\u00a0into concrete actions. \u201cWithout social\u00a0pressure, there are no demands and it\u00a0becomes harder for things to happen.\u00a0Even in the United States, whose posture\u00a0is reactionary, states, cities and companies\u00a0decided to control the emissions\u00a0of greenhouse gases, going against\u00a0Washington\u2019s direction, because the\u00a0base of society takes part in the process\u00a0of understanding the effects of global\u00a0warming,\u201d stated the former president.<\/p>\n

Fernando Henrique delivered a copy of\u00a0FAPESP\u2019s program to Ricardo Lagos,\u00a0former president of Chile and currently\u00a0United Nations representative on climate\u00a0change issues, in order to divulge\u00a0the initiative and encourage international partnership agreements.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Researchers join program to increase Brazil’s global climate change studies","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[156],"tags":[217,200,234],"coauthors":[98],"class_list":["post-128693","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cover","tag-climate","tag-environment","tag-finance"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/128693","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=128693"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/128693\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=128693"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=128693"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=128693"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=128693"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}