{"id":144088,"date":"2014-02-07T15:09:22","date_gmt":"2014-02-07T17:09:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/?p=144088"},"modified":"2014-02-07T15:09:22","modified_gmt":"2014-02-07T17:09:22","slug":"beware-hawk-tree","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/beware-hawk-tree\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cBeware the hawk in the tree\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_144091\" style=\"max-width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-144091\" alt=\"Titi monkey: calls indicate both the type and location of predators \" src=\"http:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Tecno_Callicebus.jpg\" width=\"290\" height=\"244\" srcset=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Tecno_Callicebus.jpg 290w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Tecno_Callicebus-120x101.jpg 120w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Tecno_Callicebus-250x210.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 290px) 100vw, 290px\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"media-credits-inline\">ANA COTTA \/ WIKIMEDIA COMMONS<\/span>Titi monkey: calls indicate both the type and location of predators<span class=\"media-credits\">ANA COTTA \/ WIKIMEDIA COMMONS<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p>Black-fronted titi monkeys talk to each other while moving through the trees of the Atlantic Forest.\u00a0 Those who lead the way emit squeaks like bird calls that indicate the proper way to go and the presence of danger.\u00a0 Now we know that these warning calls can contain two types of information. \u201cThe vocalizations of the titi monkeys indicate the type of predator and its location,\u201d says Cristiane C\u00e4sar, biologist at the Pontificate Catholic University (PUC) in Minas Gerais.\u00a0 For three years, she has been monitoring five groups of titi monkeys in the Cara\u00e7a mountain range in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, using stuffed samples of two predators \u2013 the caracara and the oncilla \u2013\u00a0 to study communication among the monkeys.\u00a0 Along the pathways used by the titis, she placed the oncilla on the ground, where it is generally found, or in the canopy, where the monkeys are less used to seeing it.\u00a0 And she did the same with the caracara.\u00a0 From a camouflaged tent, she recorded the calls and saw that the monkeys emitted different sounds, both high-pitched and short, one for the caracara in the canopy and the other for the oncilla on the ground.\u00a0 The calls change when the cat is in the tree and the bird is on the ground.\u00a0 The titis intersperse their vocalizations indicating \u201cbird\u201d with that of the \u201cground predator\u201d to warn of a caracara on the ground.\u00a0 When the oncilla is in the trees, the call begins with a squeak that indicates a threat from above followed by squeaks that define the predator (<i>Biology Letters<\/i>, September 2013).\u00a0 \u201cThis is the first time this ability is seen in neotropical primates,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Titi monkey vocalizations indicate predator and its location","protected":false},"author":475,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[168],"tags":[209],"coauthors":[785],"class_list":["post-144088","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technoscience","tag-biology"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/144088","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/475"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=144088"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/144088\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=144088"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=144088"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=144088"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=144088"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}