{"id":243685,"date":"2017-07-27T17:12:53","date_gmt":"2017-07-27T20:12:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/?p=243685\/"},"modified":"2017-07-27T17:12:53","modified_gmt":"2017-07-27T20:12:53","slug":"virus-behind-yellow-fever-outbreak-in-sao-paulo-probably-came-from-amazonia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/virus-behind-yellow-fever-outbreak-in-sao-paulo-probably-came-from-amazonia\/","title":{"rendered":"Virus behind yellow fever outbreak in S\u00e3o Paulo probably came from Amazonia"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_243686\" style=\"max-width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/011_notas_pernilongo__252.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-243686\" src=\"http:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/011_notas_pernilongo__252-300x203.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"media-credits-inline\">James Gathany\/CDC<\/span><\/a> Mosquitoes of the genera <em>Haemagogus<\/em> and <em>Sabethes<\/em> (<em>photo<\/em>) transmit the yellow fever virus to monkeys and humans in forest areas<span class=\"media-credits\">James Gathany\/CDC<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p>The yellow fever virus now circulating in northern S\u00e3o Paulo State most likely came from the Amazon. Virologist Renato Pereira de Souza and his team at the Adolfo Lutz Institute (IAL), in the city of S\u00e3o Paulo, reached this conclusion after partial sequencing of the virus extracted from monkeys found dead in the S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto and Ribeir\u00e3o Preto regions in the latter half of 2016. \u201cThe viruses that infected these animals bear greater genetic resemblance to those circulating in Amazonia than to those from earlier outbreaks in S\u00e3o Paulo,\u201d says Souza, director of the institute\u2019s Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, who also stated that \u201cAmazonia may be the source of the viruses behind the current outbreak in S\u00e3o Paulo and other states.\u201d As part of his doctorate, completed in 2013, Souza analyzed changes in the genetic characteristics of the yellow fever virus in South America from 1930 to 2008. When he reconstructed the genetic evolution of the virus across time and space, he noted that the point of origin was always Amazonia, where the virus circulates among humans and monkeys in forest areas, transmitted by mosquitoes of the genera <em>Haemagogus<\/em> and <em>Sabethes<\/em>. Once in a while, the virus is exported to other regions \u2013 probably catching a ride in the blood of asymptomatic carriers \u2013 where it survives for short periods. \u201cI believe this picture is repeating itself,\u201d says Souza. The 2017 outbreak has been the biggest in 14 years. In January alone, 127 cases were confirmed in four states, with 47 reported deaths (42 in Minas Gerais, three in S\u00e3o Paulo, and two in Esp\u00edrito Santo). In late 2016 and early 2017, the IAL team observed that the virus has been striking more species of monkeys in S\u00e3o Paulo. It had previously been found in howler monkeys and has now been detected in black capuchins and marmosets. Researchers are concerned the virus might spread into regions home to an abundance of the <em>Aedes aegypti<\/em> mosquito, which also transmits dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. If yellow fever reaches the <em>Aedes <\/em>mosquito, it might become an urban illness. \u201cWe\u2019re not prepared for this,\u201d says Souza.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Virus behind yellow fever outbreak in S\u00e3o Paulo probably came from Amazonia","protected":false},"author":475,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1651],"tags":[229,260],"coauthors":[785],"class_list":["post-243685","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-notes","tag-epidemiology","tag-public-health"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/243685","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/475"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=243685"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/243685\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=243685"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=243685"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=243685"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=243685"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}