{"id":274160,"date":"2019-02-19T15:32:12","date_gmt":"2019-02-19T18:32:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/?p=274160"},"modified":"2019-02-26T16:01:10","modified_gmt":"2019-02-26T19:01:10","slug":"seeds-of-knowledge-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/seeds-of-knowledge-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Seeds of knowledge"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In 2010, while still a journalism student, \u00c1dria Siqueira attended the 62<sup>nd<\/sup> annual meeting of the Brazilian Society for the Advancement of Science (SBPC) in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. In 2014, she traveled across the country to take a two-week course on scientific journalism at the 66<sup>th<\/sup> annual meeting in Rio Branco, in the state of Acre. The following year, she was accepted into the master\u2019s program of the Laboratory of Advanced Studies on Journalism at the University of Campinas (LABJOR-UNICAMP), and in 2018 Siqueira began her doctoral studies in public health at the School of Medical Sciences at the University of Campinas (FCM-UNICAMP). \u201cMy plan is to pursue an academic career with a focus on health communication,&#8221; she says.<\/p>\n<p>The course in Acre was taught by teachers from LABJOR and drew 15 students from across the country. It was one of the recent innovations of the SBPC annual meetings: events with greater public visibility designed to promote Brazilian science and encourage young people like \u00c1dria, who are interested in an academic career. In 2017, approximately 15,000 students attended researchers\u2019 lectures and debates at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), in Belo Horizonte.<\/p>\n<div class=\"box-lateral\"><strong>Read more:<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/2018\/11\/27\/scientists-united\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scientists united<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/2019\/01\/17\/battles-never-ending\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Battles never ending<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/2019\/02\/25\/in-search-of-new-audiences\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In search of new audiences<\/a><br \/>\n<\/div>\n<p>This year&#8217;s conference was held at the Federal University of Alagoas, in Macei\u00f3, from July 22 to 28, and enjoyed a similar level of public involvement. Discussions included the importance of basic science, funding for scientific and technological production, diseases caused by arboviruses (dengue, zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever), slavery in Brazil, the use of <em>quilombola<\/em> territories (lands occupied by former slaves and their descendants), family farming, gravitational waves and neutron stars, bacterial resistance to antibiotics, and health policies, among other topics. The debates this year marked 70 years since the founding of the SBPC.<\/p>\n<p>With their changing locations, free admission, and varying themes, the SBPC meetings also attract public attention due to a variety of other activities that have gained popularity in recent years. These include free exhibits by institutions, research centers, and companies displaying items such as model rockets, cosmic ray detectors, robots, and fossils, which attract some 6,000 visitors per day. The last day of the exhibits is reserved for families, and is also free of charge.<\/p>\n<p>Unlike what one might think at first, these are not just traveling spectacles. \u201cThe lectures, debates, and parallel activities always leave behind seeds, even though germination may take a while. The annual meeting is more like seeding the field than setting off fireworks,&#8221; says physicist Ennio Candotti, director-general of the Museu da Amaz\u00f4nia (MUSA), president of the SBPC for four administrations, and currently its honorary president.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"section galeria galeria-1\">\n        <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n    var root = jQuery('.section.galeria.galeria-1');\n    var items = [];\n            items.push({\n            src: 'https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/060-063_SBPC_270-11.jpg',\n            w: 1200,\n            h: 630,\n            title: \"Posters of annual meetings and a news article collected by the DEOPS regarding the 1977 SBPC Meeting at PUC in S\u00e3o Paulo\"\n        });\n                items.push({\n            src: 'https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/060-063_SBPC_270-10.jpg',\n            w: 1200,\n            h: 630,\n            title: \"\"\n        });\n                items.push({\n            src: 'https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/060-063_SBPC_270-1.jpg',\n            w: 1200,\n            h: 2050,\n            title: \"\"\n        });\n            thumbBaseWidth = 160;\n    imgRatio = 1.9047619047619;\n    function resizeSwipe(root, items) {\n        setTimeout(function() {\n            var largeWidth = root.find('figure.large').width();\n            var largeHeight = root.find('figure.large').height();\n            var maxCols = 20, minCols = 3;\n            var colRes = [];\n            root.find('figure.thumb').css('height', 'auto');\n            for (var i = minCols; i <= maxCols; i ++) {\n                var w = parseInt(largeWidth \/ i);\n                var h = parseInt(w \/ imgRatio);\n                root.find('figure.thumb').css({ width: w, height: h });\n                var delta = Math.abs(root.find('aside.thumbs').height() - root.find('figure.large').height());\n                colRes.push({ cols: i, w: w, h: h, delta: delta });\n            }\n            colRes.sort(function(a, b) { return a.delta - b.delta; });\n            var best = colRes[0];\n            var baseHeight = largeHeight + (jQuery(document.body).width() <= 760 ? 5 : 10);\n            var rows = Math.ceil((items.length - 1) \/ best.cols);\n            root.find('figure.thumb').css({ width: best.w, height: baseHeight \/ rows });\n        }, 300);\n    }\n    jQuery(window).resize(() => resizeSwipe( root, items));\n    jQuery(document).on('load', () => resizeSwipe(root, items));\n    jQuery(document).ready(function() {\n        root.find(\"figure.large img\").on('load', () => resizeSwipe(root, items));\n    });\n    <\/script>\n    <div class=\"photo-swipe-gallery \" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\">\n\n        <aside class=\"thumbs\">\n            \n                <figure style=\"background-image: url(\/wp-content\/thumbs\/01ee40eb90e004b3ecdf49fd8dfb648d2efb6122_160-84cropped.jpg);\" class=\"thumb\" data-index=\"1\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\">\n                <\/figure>\n\n                \n                <figure style=\"background-image: url(\/wp-content\/thumbs\/57301da6009a9e3ba08bd40ecf2f8b2d45e217f4_160-84cropped.jpg);\" class=\"thumb\" data-index=\"2\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\">\n                <\/figure>\n\n                        <\/aside>\n\n        <figure class=\"large\" data-index=\"0\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\"\n                height=\"630\"\n                alt=\"Posters of annual meetings and a news article collected by the DEOPS regarding the 1977 SBPC Meeting at PUC in S\u00e3o Paulo\"\n                src=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/060-063_SBPC_270-11-700x368.jpg\">\n        <\/figure>\n\n        <div class=\"text\">\n                        <p>Posters of annual meetings and a news article collected by the DEOPS regarding the 1977 SBPC Meeting at PUC in S\u00e3o Paulo<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\nvar clickHandler = function(items, evt) {\n    var pswpElement = document.querySelectorAll('.pswp')[0];\n    var options = { index: parseInt(evt.target.dataset.index), shareEl: false };\n    var gallery = new PhotoSwipe( pswpElement, PhotoSwipeUI_Default, items, options);\n    gallery.init();\n};\nroot.find('figure').click(clickHandler.bind(this, items));\n<\/script>\n<div class=\"post-content sequence\">\n<p><strong>Publications<\/strong><br \/>\nSince 1949, the SBPC has published the magazine <em>Ci\u00eancia e Cultura<\/em>, initially financed by businessman Francisco Matarazzo Pignatari (1917\u20131977). Directed for 18 years by physician Jos\u00e9 Reis (1907\u20132002), one of the society\u2019s founders, the magazine was at first a quarterly vehicle for articles written by researchers. In 1991, it began to be published bimonthly in English. After a few years out of publication due to lack of funding, in 2002 it entered into a new phase as a Portuguese language quarterly with LABJOR in charge of editorial production.<\/p>\n<p>With a current circulation of 8,000 copies, <em>Ci\u00eancia e Cultura<\/em> &#8220;publishes thematic editions exploring the trends of scientific development, with articles that popularize science\u2014always using references\u2014and sections with stories and news. The journal\u2019s target audience is postgraduate students,&#8221; says linguist Carlos Vogt, former UNICAMP dean (1990\u20131994), SBPC vice president (2001\u20132003 and 2003\u20132005), FAPESP president (2002\u20132007), and chief editor of the journal from 2002 to 2007, and currently, since 2017.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_274183\" style=\"max-width: 2410px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/060-063_SBPC_270-4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-274183 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/060-063_SBPC_270-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2400\" height=\"1600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/060-063_SBPC_270-4.jpg 2400w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/060-063_SBPC_270-4-250x167.jpg 250w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/060-063_SBPC_270-4-700x467.jpg 700w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/060-063_SBPC_270-4-120x80.jpg 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"media-credits-inline\">UFMG\/Foca Lisboa<\/span><\/a> Exhibit space and activities for SBPC Youth, which joined the 69th annual meeting at UFMG, in 2017<span class=\"media-credits\">UFMG\/Foca Lisboa<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p>In 1982, at the 34<sup>th<\/sup> annual meeting in Campinas, the first issue of another SBPC publication, <em>Ci\u00eancia Hoje <\/em>(Science today) was published, created by Ennio Candotti with neurologist Roberto Lent, physicist Alberto Passos Guimar\u00e3es Filho, and geneticist Darcy Almeida (1930\u20132014). The magazine was initially supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and the Brazilian Funding Authority for Studies and Projects (FINEP). It featured reports from journalists and articles by researchers focused on education, written to reach a broad audience by using common language and current themes: the first issue discussed pollution in Cubat\u00e3o, on the S\u00e3o Paulo coast. The initial circulation was 15,000 copies and rose to 80,000 in 1987. The results led to the launch in 1986 of <em>Ci\u00eancia Hoje das Crian\u00e7as <\/em>(Science today for children). \u201cFor more than 20 years, by means of agreements with publishers, the Ministry of Education and Culture bought 180,000 subscriptions of <em>Ci\u00eancia Hoje das Crian\u00e7as<\/em>,&#8221; says Guimar\u00e3es Filho, president of the Science Today Institute responsible for the publication of the two magazines.<\/p>\n<p>At the end of 2014, the government didn\u2019t renew its subscriptions to the children\u2019s magazine. The situation was aggravated by the loss of <em>Ci\u00eancia Hoje<\/em> subscribers, and led to layoffs of the production staff and to the suspension of the magazines. In April of 2016, <em>Ci\u00eancia Hoje<\/em> stopped printing, and <em>Ci\u00eancia Hoje das Crian\u00e7as<\/em> followed suit in December. According to Guimar\u00e3es Filho, publishing agreements with the Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES), and subscription purchasing arrangements with municipalities allowed for the site\u2019s reactivation and for the two magazines to resume publication\u2014initially only online\u2014in July 2018. \u201cWe\u2019re coming back, but with extreme caution,&#8221; he notes.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_274203\" style=\"max-width: 1610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/060-063_SBPC_270-5.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-274203 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/060-063_SBPC_270-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"2170\" srcset=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/060-063_SBPC_270-5.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/060-063_SBPC_270-5-250x339.jpg 250w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/060-063_SBPC_270-5-700x949.jpg 700w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/060-063_SBPC_270-5-120x163.jpg 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"media-credits-inline\">SBPC Collection <\/span><\/a> Cover of the first issue of <em>Ci\u00eancia Hoje<\/em> magazine, launched in July of 1985, in Campinas<span class=\"media-credits\">SBPC Collection <\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p>The magazines weren\u2019t enough to satisfy the SBPC\u2019s plans. \u201cWe observed that we needed a more frequent publication,&#8221; says attorney Jos\u00e9 Monserrat Filho, who created <em>Jornal da Ci\u00eancia <\/em>(Science journal), another SBPC publication, once again with Ennio Candotti\u2019s participation. Launched in 1985 at the 37<sup>th<\/sup> annual meeting in Belo Horizonte, under the name <em>Informe Ci\u00eancia Hoje<\/em> (Science today report), it initially published weekly news and discussions on science and technology policies. By criticizing decisions of the federal government and its representatives in the area of science and technology, it became known as &#8220;the fighting cock of Brazilian science,&#8221; says Monserrat, editor of the publication until 2007. In 1994 the <em>JC online<\/em> began, a daily clipping service of news and articles on science and technology, which currently has 10,000 subscribers. In 1997 <em>Informe Ci\u00eancia Hoje<\/em> changed its name and became the biweekly <em>Jornal da Ci\u00eancia<\/em>, maintaining its focus on news and debates about scientific and technology policy, and currently has 15,000 readers.<\/p>\n<p>The launching of <em>Ci\u00eancia Hoje<\/em>, <em>Ci\u00eancia Hoje das Crian\u00e7as,<\/em> and <em>Jornal da Ci\u00eancia<\/em> in the 1980s marked a new phase in the history of the SBPC. They had gone through a difficult period prior to this, in the 1970s, clashing with the military regime. In 1977, the federal government tried to prevent the SBPC\u2019s 29<sup>th<\/sup> annual meeting. Originally to be held in Fortaleza, Cear\u00e1, it was first transferred to the University of S\u00e3o Paulo, where it was again prohibited, and finally to the Pontifical Catholic University of S\u00e3o Paulo (PUC-SP). \u201cThis is the Vatican\u2019s territory,&#8221; argued the then archbishop of the capital and dean of PUC-USP, Paulo Evaristo Arns (1921\u20132016), blocking the government\u2019s intervention. The SBPC publicly defended political amnesty and the return of teachers who had been exiled by the military regime.<\/p>\n<p>On the last day of the meeting, students, teachers, and scientists participated in a musical and theatrical spectacle, \u201cThe SBPC \u201877 Brazilian Popular Music Show,\u201d at the Portuguesa Sports Gymnasium. According to the State Department of Social and Political Order (DEOPS), there were more than 20,000 in attendance at the show, whose revenues went to the SBPC. Two months later, the military invaded the PUC campus and arrested students and professors who were considered opponents of the military government. In June of 2018, while searching for documents about the SBPC, historian Walkiria Chassot found a 121-page report prepared by the DEOPS, with clippings of published newspaper articles about the debates and presentations made at the PUC meeting, showing how closely the government had followed researchers and those interested in science.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_274179\" style=\"max-width: 2410px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/060-063_SBPC_270-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-274179 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/060-063_SBPC_270-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2400\" height=\"1600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/060-063_SBPC_270-2.jpg 2400w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/060-063_SBPC_270-2-250x167.jpg 250w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/060-063_SBPC_270-2-700x467.jpg 700w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/060-063_SBPC_270-2-120x80.jpg 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"media-credits-inline\">UFMG\/Foca Lisboa<\/span><\/a> Exhibit space and activities for SBPC Youth, which joined the 69th annual meeting at UFMG, in 2017<span class=\"media-credits\">UFMG\/Foca Lisboa<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p>The 1977 gathering wasn\u2019t the only time an SBPC annual meeting almost didn\u2019t happen. In the early 1990s, the SBPC criticized the government of the then president of the Republic, Fernando Collor de Mello (1990\u20131992). \u201cIn 1992, Collor ordered that the budget for the meeting be suspended, but Lindolpho de Carvalho Dias, who was one of the CNPq directors at the time, had some presence of mind and said he had already transferred the money for the annual meeting,&#8221; says Candotti. Dias presided over the CNPq during the following administration, from 1993 to 1995. Gradually, over the following years the SBPC conferences recovered their essentially scientific character.<\/p>\n<p>In parallel to the annual meetings, (the first of which was held in Campinas in 1949), the SBPC promotes conferences for Brazilian or foreign scientists visiting Brazil. From 1948 to 1951, 40 meetings of this kind were held, conducted by researchers such as pathologist Henrique da Rocha Lima (1879\u20131956), neurologist Miguel Ozorio de Almeida (1890\u20131952), physicists C\u00e9sar Lattes (1924\u20132005), Jos\u00e9 Leite Lopes (1918\u20132006), and Marcelo Damy de Souza Santos (1914\u20132009), bacteriologist Otto Bier (1906\u20131985), and naturalized Brazilian chemist Heinrich Rheinboldt (1891\u20131955). Among the foreigners who participated in these conferences were French physician and director of the Pasteur Institute of Paris, Jacques Tr\u00e9fou\u00ebl (1897\u20131977), Argentine physiologist Bernardo Houssay (1887\u20131971), winner of the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and Canadian physiologist Charles Best (1899\u20131978), who discovered insulin. Through as many as four regional meetings a year, the SBPC seeks to motivate the debate on issues of local interest, such as the preservation of the Cerrado (wooded savanna), and the drought in the Northeast, with meetings in cities like Feira de Santana, in Bahia, Cruzeiro do Sul, in Acre, and Oriximin\u00e1, in Par\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><em>This is the third of four articles on the SBPC\u2019s 70-year history.<br \/>\nThe next story in this series will discuss the future of the SBPC. <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The lectures, debates, and publications of the organization that promotes Brazilian science","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":274199,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[159],"tags":[220,226],"coauthors":[5968],"class_list":["post-274160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","tag-communication","tag-education"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/274160","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=274160"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/274160\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":277681,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/274160\/revisions\/277681"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/274199"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=274160"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=274160"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=274160"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=274160"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}