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L\u00e9o Ramos Chaves \/ Rosa Freire D\u2019aguiar Archive<\/span><\/a> Furtado’s estate includes his diaries written during World War IIL\u00e9o Ramos Chaves \/ Rosa Freire D\u2019aguiar Archive<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n Highlights of the collection include Nabuco’s 21 diaries, some of which were published in a book in 2005 by historian and diplomat Evaldo Cabral de Mello. In the diaries, Nabuco ranges from his impressions of the signing of the Lei \u00c1urea<\/em> (Brazil’s law to abolish slavery) in 1888, to a record of his trips to his mother’s house to borrow a silver cutlery set. \u201cThere are also entries written during the last moments of his life, which let us know that he wrote until only a few days before his death,\u201d says Malta. In addition to the volumes of unpublished information, the arrival of new documents completes the collection available at FUNDAJ. \u201cUntil we received this last lot, we only had images of his wife, Evelina Torres Soares Ribeiro [1865\u20131948], when she was young and newly married. Now we can see photos of her when elderly, living in her house in Petr\u00f3polis,\u201d Malta adds.<\/p>\n Social scientist Marco Aur\u00e9lio Nogueira, from the Institute of Public Policy and International Relations at S\u00e3o Paulo State University (IPPRI-UNESP) is author of one of the first academic investigations dedicated to Nabuco, in his thesis defended in 1983. He states that the new body of documents may breathe new life into research on the diplomat. \u201cMany studies have had apologetic concerns. A line of research that critically explores his intellectual path hasn’t yet been established, although many studies have been put forward,\u201d he adds. For him, Nabuco is a favorite subject for studies on Brazilian liberalism, and this final portion of the estate will make deeper research on this side of him possible. \u201cIn Brazil, liberalism has always defended economic freedom, but wasn’t adequately translated into the political and social sphere,\u201d he comments, noting that during the nineteenth century there were few liberals who questioned slavery. Unlike them, Nabuco was concerned with social issues, and was a proponent of Abolition. \u201cThus, he was at odds with his contemporaries, leaving his mark on the history of ideas in Brazil.\u201d<\/p>\n L\u00e9o Ramos Chaves \/ Rosa Freire D\u2019aguiar Archive<\/span><\/a> A telegram inviting him to Harvard after the military coupL\u00e9o Ramos Chaves \/ Rosa Freire D\u2019aguiar Archive<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n Nabuco’s change of political position after the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889 is another aspect that, in Nogueira’s assessment, may become better understood through studies of the new documents. While before the event he had advocated \u201ca fiery social liberalism,\u201d after the proclamation he changed his position. At the age of 40, he retired from public life to marry Evelina, and raised a family. \u201cIt’s as if there had been two Nabucos, one a social reformer and the other a conservative,\u201d he says. Some apparently contradictory aspects of Nabuco’s diplomatic career may also be illuminated. Despite expressing his admiration for Europe, which he claimed represented \u201cthe future of the world,\u201d and holding little appreciation for the United States, Nabuco later became ambassador to Washington. “In the beginning, he showed contempt for Americans, a position that changed over the years, such that he ended his life as a great defender of relations with the United States,” Nogueira observes.<\/p>\n Sociologist Angela Alonso, from the Department of Sociology at the University of S\u00e3o Paulo, explains that FUNDAJ was created in 1949, on the centenary of Nabuco’s birth. Sociologist and anthropologist Gilberto Freyre (1900\u20131987), then a federal representative, drafted legislation on the occasion to create an institution to house the diplomat’s collection. During the same period, historian and politician Lu\u00eds Viana Filho (1908\u20131990) published A vida de Joaquim Nabuco<\/em> (The life of Joaquim Nabuco; Companhia Nacional, 1952), marking the beginning of a renewal of interest in the diplomat’s intellectual career. “However, the family ended up with part of the estate and it wasn’t known for certain what was in the documents that hadn’t yet been donated,” he says.<\/p>\n Alonso, who wrote Perfis brasileiros \u2013 Joaquim Nabuco<\/em> (Brazilian profiles; Companhia das Letras, 2007) examined all of the diplomat’s correspondence available at FUNDAJ, among other documents. She relates that she encountered gaps in reconstructing Nabuco’s biography, mainly associated with his personal and family life. “We don’t know, for example, how and why he made financial investments in Argentina with his wife’s dowry, money he ended up losing due to fluctuations in the country’s stock market,” she says. Alonso adds that in addition to information about Nabuco himself, the new documents from the estate may also be useful for researchers who want to know what the private life of a member of the Brazilian elite was like, for example, to compare it with the daily lives of families in France, England, and the United States, where the diplomat also lived.<\/p>\n L\u00e9o Ramos Chaves | IEB \/ USP Archive, Caio Prado Jr. Fund <\/span><\/a> The IEB holds the estate of geographer and historian Caio Prado Jr.: above, a map drawn during a visit to Minas GeraisL\u00e9o Ramos Chaves | IEB \/ USP Archive, Caio Prado Jr. Fund <\/span><\/p><\/div>\n The economist’s choices<\/strong> According to d’Aguiar, in October Di\u00e1rios intermitentes de Celso Furtado<\/em> (The intermittent diaries of Celso Furtado) will be published, with writings the economist penned between 1937 and 2002. “These texts were extracted from 50 notebooks that make up his estate and contain entries written beginning when he was 17, with reflections on which profession to choose, Brazil and the economy, as well as entries written a few years before his death,” she explains.<\/p>\n
\nUnlike Nabuco’s personal archive, which has been partially available for some time, Celso Furtado’s collection has been inaccessible until recently. It will arrive at IEB in the coming months, 15 years after his death, and is scheduled to be open for research in 2020. Editor and translator Rosa Freire d’Aguiar, Furtado’s widow, says that the estate includes documents kept since the 1940s, including items related to his college years at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Law School (UFRJ), his activities in the Brazilian Expeditionary Force (FEB) during World War II, and his doctorate in economics at the University of Paris-Sorbonne, where he defended the thesis \u201cColonial Economics in Brazil in the 16th<\/sup> and 17th<\/sup> Centuries.\u201d It also involves material from the 1950s, when he lived in Chile and was part of the United Nations’ Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), and from his work at the Superintendency for Northeast Development (SUDENE). Also included are items from when he headed the Ministry of Planning from 1959 to 1964, his years of exile in the United States and Europe after the military coup, and his return to Brazil, when Furtado was Minister of Culture. \u201cThe documents from his SUDENE phase, including letters, diaries, and reports, are unpublished,\u201d says d’Aguiar, noting that the economist’s personal library has been at the Celso Furtado International Center for Development Policy (CICEF) since 2005. Until 2016, CICEF was housed in a space at the headquarters of the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES), in Rio de Janeiro. Today it occupies a room in the Engineering Club building, also in Rio.<\/p>\n