{"id":336920,"date":"2020-03-18T16:22:09","date_gmt":"2020-03-18T19:22:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/?p=336920"},"modified":"2020-03-18T16:23:40","modified_gmt":"2020-03-18T19:23:40","slug":"research-funding-at-american-universities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/research-funding-at-american-universities\/","title":{"rendered":"Research funding at American universities"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>R&amp;D expenditure at universities in the US has grown rapidly since 2015<sup>1<\/sup><\/li>\n<li>From 2017 to 2018, total R&amp;D expenditure rose from US$75.3 billion to US$79.4 billion (R$161 billion)<sup>2<\/sup><\/li>\n<li>The federal government funded 53% of higher education R&amp;D, while state and local governments funded 5.4%<\/li>\n<li>Research funded by the universities themselves, including from equity funds and other sources, accounted for 26%<\/li>\n<li>Private companies provided 5.9% of all funding<sup>3<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<picture data-tablet=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/093_Dados_287-0-en-tablet.png\" data-tablet_size=\"1900x833\" alt=\"\">\n    <source srcset=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/093_Dados_287-0-en-desktop.png\" media=\"(min-width: 1920px)\" \/>\n    <source srcset=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/093_Dados_287-0-en-tablet.png\" media=\"(min-width: 1140px)\" \/>\n    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"responsive-img\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/093_Dados_287-0-en-mobile.png\" \/>\n  <\/picture>\n<ul>\n<li>In 2018, health sciences led R&amp;D expenditure at universities (33%), followed by biological sciences (18%), engineering (16%), exact and earth sciences (14%), human\/social sciences and the arts (11%), and agricultural sciences (5.2%)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<picture data-tablet=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/093_Dados_287-1-en-tablet.png\" data-tablet_size=\"1900x917\" alt=\"\">\n    <source srcset=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/093_Dados_287-1-en-desktop.png\" media=\"(min-width: 1920px)\" \/>\n    <source srcset=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/093_Dados_287-1-en-tablet.png\" media=\"(min-width: 1140px)\" \/>\n    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"responsive-img\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/093_Dados_287-1-en-mobile.png\" \/>\n  <\/picture>\n<ul>\n<li>For research funded by companies, health sciences is even more prominent, at 48%, and engineering increases from 16% to 22%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<picture data-tablet=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/093_Dados_287-2-en-tablet.png\" data-tablet_size=\"1900x700\" alt=\"\">\n    <source srcset=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/093_Dados_287-2-en-desktop.png\" media=\"(min-width: 1920px)\" \/>\n    <source srcset=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/093_Dados_287-2-en-tablet.png\" media=\"(min-width: 1140px)\" \/>\n    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"responsive-img\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/093_Dados_287-2-en-mobile.png\" \/>\n  <\/picture>\n<p class=\"bibliografia separador-bibliografia\"><strong>Notes (1)<\/strong> Corrected for inflation according to the &#8220;US Bureau of Labor Statistics&#8221; index, which was 5.6%, between 2015 and 2018. <strong>(2)<\/strong> Conversion from reais to dollars using the 2018 Purchasing Power Parities Index ($PPP) of 2.029, OECD.\u00a0 <strong>(3)<\/strong> In this and other graphs, the sum of all values may not be exactly equal to the total, due to rounding.\u00a0 <strong>(4)<\/strong> The data in this section include institutions with at least US$1 million in R&amp;D expenditure. The total amount is US$79.286 million, US$150,600 below the total of US$79.436 million from the previous section.\u00a0 <strong>(5)<\/strong> The fields of agricultural sciences, biological sciences, and health sciences are integrated into the broader heading of &#8220;Life Sciences&#8221; by the NSF.<\/p>\n<p class=\"bibliografia\"><strong>Sources<\/strong>\u00a0 National Science Foundation, Tables 1, 12 &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/ncsesdata.nsf.gov\/herd\/2018\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/ncsesdata.nsf.gov\/herd\/2018\/<\/a>. OECD, $PPP &#8211;\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/data.oecd.org\/conversion\/purchasing-power-parities-ppp.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/data.oecd.org\/conversion\/purchasing-power-parities-ppp.htm<\/a>. Bureau of Labor Statistics, USA\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/data.bls.gov\/cgi-bin\/cpicalc.pl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/data.bls.gov\/cgi-bin\/cpicalc.pl<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"R&#038;D expenditure at universities in the US has grown rapidly since 2015","protected":false},"author":475,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1328],"tags":[234],"coauthors":[785],"class_list":["post-336920","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-data","tag-finance"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/336920","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/475"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=336920"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/336920\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":337362,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/336920\/revisions\/337362"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=336920"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=336920"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=336920"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=336920"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}