{"id":421368,"date":"2022-01-19T12:54:48","date_gmt":"2022-01-19T15:54:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/?p=421368"},"modified":"2022-01-19T13:58:20","modified_gmt":"2022-01-19T16:58:20","slug":"native-to-brazil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/native-to-brazil\/","title":{"rendered":"Native to Brazil"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A silent movement to add value to Brazilian products on the basis of their geographical origin\u2014especially agricultural and non-timber forest products from far-flung areas of the country\u2014has gradually gained traction over the last two decades. As of October this year, the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) had approved a total 88 Brazilian geographical indications (GI), including 68 protected geographical indications (PGI) and 20 protected designations of origin (PDO). Every major region of the country has one or more approved GIs. The Southeast and South have the highest number at respectively 29 and 27 approved geographical indications, followed by the Northeast (16 GIs), the North (12), and the Midwest (4).<\/p>\n<p>With 14 recognized geographical indications\u2014six for coffee and two for cheese\u2014Minas Gerais State has the highest number of GIs alongside Rio Grande do Sul, a state similarly boasting 14 GIs, including 7 for wines and sparkling wines. Next come Paran\u00e1 (10), Esp\u00edrito Santo (8), Santa Catarina (6), and Amazonas (6). Like Rio de Janeiro, S\u00e3o Paulo has four geographical indications recognized by the INPI, including two coffee growing regions<em>.<\/em> Brazil\u2019s GIs are not recognized internationally unless an application similar to a patent application is filed in each target market. A GI can also be recognized under a trade agreement between countries or economic blocs, a strategy that has yet to be explored.<\/p>\n<\/div><a name=\"#046-049_artigos-brasileiros_308_en\"><\/a><iframe id=\"046-049_artigos-brasileiros_308_en\" style=\"overflow: hidden; width: 100%; height: calc(100vh - 200px)\" src=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/revista_embeds\/046-049_artigos-brasileiros_308_en\/index.html?1326805996\"  scrolling=\"no\" noborders><\/iframe><div class=\"post-content sequence\">\n<p>One fourth of Brazil\u2019s GIs have been recognized in or after 2020, adding momentum to a gradual process that began two decades ago. \u201cAnother 27 IG applications are undergoing technical review,\u201d says Pablo Regalado, head of the INPI department tasked with reviewing these types of applications. It currently takes an average of 20 months for the INPI to issue its first opinion, favorable or otherwise, on recognizing a new GI. The law creating Brazil\u2019s geographical indication framework was enacted in 1996. The country\u2019s first geographical indication would only be recognized six years later. In 2002, a GI was granted for wines and sparkling wines produced in an upland area of Rio Grande do Sul known as <em>Vale dos Vinhedos<\/em>, or \u201cVineyard Valley.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Other geographical indications have since been recognized for products such as coffee, cheese, honey, fruits, seafood, meats, and wine. Dimension stone products can also receive GI protection\u2014three of the four GIs in Rio de Janeiro are for dimension stone (the other is for Paraty cacha\u00e7a). \u201cUnder Brazilian law, applications for GI protection can be made even for handicrafts and services,\u201d notes Kelly Bruch, a professor of commercial, business, and labor law at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) and an expert in Brazilian GI legislation. France now also recognizes GI protection for handicrafts. Brazil\u2019s geographical indication framework drew inspiration from European legislation designed to promote and protect agricultural products made with ingredients or using techniques that are typical of a specific location (<em><a href=\"#box_capa309ing_europa\">see sidebar<\/a><\/em>).<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_420729\" style=\"max-width: 1150px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-2-1140.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-420729 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-2-1140.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1140\" height=\"641\" srcset=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-2-1140.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-2-1140-250x141.jpg 250w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-2-1140-700x394.jpg 700w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-2-1140-120x67.jpg 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1140px) 100vw, 1140px\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"media-credits-inline\">Gilmar Gomes \/ Aprovale<\/span><\/a> A vineyard in <em>Vale dos Vinhedos<\/em>: nearly half a million tourists visit the region each year<span class=\"media-credits\">Gilmar Gomes \/ Aprovale<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p>The two types of GI protection carry similarities as well as differences. Both protected geographical indications and protected designations of origin establish rules on how a given product is made by producers within a delimited geographical area. A protected product must be produced in accordance with a series of guidelines that can be either relatively generic or highly restrictive. Producers that follow these guidelines, as outlined in a set of technical specifications, are eligible to use the relevant PGI or PDO label on their products. An internal regulatory board is tasked with enforcing GI standards. Although the INPI will typically award a PGI or PDO to a given legal entity (often a trade association, cooperative or union), local producers that are not members of that association are permitted to use the geographical indication on their products if they are compliant with the relevant GI requirements.<\/p>\n<p>A GI designation covers a given location, not necessarily confined to an administrative division. It can be a geographic feature such as mountain range or a river, or a region or city that is famous for a given product. \u201cThe geographic area needs to be demonstrated to be linked to the GI-protected product,\u201d explains D\u00e9bora Gomide Santiago, a veterinarian who heads the geographical indication department for agricultural products at the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Supply (MAPA).<\/p>\n<\/div><div class='overflow-responsive-img' style='text-align:center'><picture data-tablet=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-0-desktop-true.png\" data-tablet_size=\"1140x450\" alt=\"\">\n    <source srcset=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-0-desktop-true.png\" media=\"(min-width: 1920px)\" \/>\n    <source srcset=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-0-desktop-true.png\" media=\"(min-width: 1140px)\" \/>\n    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"responsive-img\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-0-mobile.png\" \/>\n  <\/picture><\/div><div class=\"post-content sequence\">\n<p>Applicants for protected geographical indications, a GI subcategory in Brazil, are not required to demonstrate that their product derives its properties from the geographic features of its place of origin or from any production techniques that are typical of that region. They simply need to show that a given area has a long history of, and has built a reputation for, producing a given product. \u201cThey need to demonstrate, through desktop research, that the area has become famous for making a given product,\u201d explains Bruch.<\/p>\n<p>For protected designations of origin, another category of geographical indications, the requirements are much more exacting. \u201cApplicants need to show that their product derives its properties from natural factors such as climate, soil, and terrain, and from the techniques and know-how developed by producers in the relevant region,\u201d explains Jorge Tonietto, a crop scientist at the Grape &amp; Wine chapter of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), who helped to develop the geographical indication applications for seven types of wine produced in Rio Grande do Sul. Tonietto, an expert in climate zoning for viticulture, is a leading authority on compiling technical information to support PGI and PDO applications.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class='overflow-responsive-img' style='text-align:center'><picture data-tablet=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-1-desktop-true.png\" data-tablet_size=\"1140x480\" alt=\"\">\n    <source srcset=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-1-desktop-true.png\" media=\"(min-width: 1920px)\" \/>\n    <source srcset=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-1-desktop-true.png\" media=\"(min-width: 1140px)\" \/>\n    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"responsive-img\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-1-mobile.png\" \/>\n  <\/picture><\/div><div class=\"post-content sequence\">\n<p>Brazil\u2019s first geographical indication, <em>Vale dos Vinhedos<\/em>, provides a good illustration of how a GI scheme works for an area known for its wines and sparkling wines. The region, located in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, was recognized as a protected geographical indication in 2002 and then upgraded to protected designation of origin in 2012. The valley covers an area of 72 square kilometers (km<sup>2<\/sup>) spanning three different municipalities. Bento Gon\u00e7alves contains 61% of the GI area, Garibaldi contains 34%, and Monte Belo do Sul 5%. The <em>Vale dos Vinhedos<\/em> PDO specifications require red wines to be produced entirely or primarily with Merlot grapes. White wines are required to be made primarily with Chardonnay grapes.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_420733\" style=\"max-width: 1150px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-3-1140.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-420733 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-3-1140.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1140\" height=\"641\" srcset=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-3-1140.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-3-1140-250x141.jpg 250w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-3-1140-700x394.jpg 700w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-3-1140-120x67.jpg 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1140px) 100vw, 1140px\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"media-credits-inline\">The Cerrado Mineiro Region<\/span><\/a> Coffee bags labeled with the <em>Cerrado Mineiro<\/em> PDI<span class=\"media-credits\">The Cerrado Mineiro Region<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p>Sparkling wines must be made with at least 60% Chardonnay and\/or Pinot Noir grapes and using traditional methods similar to those employed in France to produce Champagne. \u201cAll grapes used in PDO-labeled wines must be grown within Vale dos Vinhedos,\u201d notes Tonietto. Can producers make wines with other grapes and using other methods in this region of Rio Grande do Sul? Sure (and many do). But those products are not eligible to carry the PDO label. Vale dos Vinhedos has often been used as a case study for other geographical indications in Brazil (<em><a href=\"#box_capa309ing_vinhos\">see sidebar<\/a><\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>The coffee sector, once a mainstay of Brazil\u2019s economy, has been awarded 13 geographical indications, the largest number in the country\u2014including 8 protected geographical indications and 5 protected designations of origin. The <em>Matas de Rond\u00f4nia<\/em> PDO, approved in June this year, is the most recently granted geographical indication in Brazil. The area covers 17 municipalities in Amazonas known for their production of Robusta coffee (<em>Coffea canephora<\/em>), a species with a more rustic taste profile than higher valued Arabica coffee (<em>Coffea arabica<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Six states grow coffee within GI-protected areas. \u201cFor coffee producers, a geographical indication has a similar effect to other types of labels that are prized in the market, such as fair trade<em>, <\/em>with the advantage that the certification process is cheaper and, at least for now, less reliant on external audits,\u201d says Fl\u00e1via Bliska, a crop scientist at the Alcides de Carvalho Coffee Center at the Campinas Institute of Agriculture (IAC).<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_420753\" style=\"max-width: 1150px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-8-1140.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-420753 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-8-1140.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1140\" height=\"641\" srcset=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-8-1140.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-8-1140-250x141.jpg 250w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-8-1140-700x394.jpg 700w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-8-1140-120x67.jpg 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1140px) 100vw, 1140px\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"media-credits-inline\">Luca Dambros<\/span><\/a> A coffee plantation in Alta Mogiana, an area with protected geographical indication status in S\u00e3o Paulo State<span class=\"media-credits\">Luca Dambros<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p>Bliska is currently doing research on management practices at coffee companies in S\u00e3o Paulo and other states. Even in regions that have been awarded geographical indications, product quality is not always good. \u201cI know farmers in Capara\u00f3, on Minas Gerais\u2019s border with Esp\u00edrito Santo, who harvest a large proportion of their coffee cherries green, and fail to dry the coffee beans properly, which often leads to mold,\u201d says Bliska.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00e3o Paulo has two GI-protected areas producing Arabica coffee: the <em>Alta Mogiana<\/em> PGI and the <em>Regi\u00e3o do Pinhal<\/em> PGI. The first, recognized in 2013, covers municipalities surrounding Franca. The second was created in 2016 and includes the municipalities of Esp\u00edrito Santo do Pinhal, Santo Ant\u00f4nio do Jardim, Agua\u00ed, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o da Boa Vista, \u00c1guas da Prata, Estiva Gerbi, Mogi Gua\u00e7u, and Itapira. \u201cWe decided to apply for a geographical indication to promote our region and coffee growers here,\u201d says Gabriel Borges, a director at Alta Mogiana Specialty Coffees (AMSC), an association of 90 coffee growers. The association is considering applying for an expansion of the coverage area to include other municipalities in Minas Gerais and S\u00e3o Paulo. The region produces 4\u20135 million 60-kilo bags of coffee per year, more than half of which are exported.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cGeographical indications are also a way to protect against fraud and add value to our product,\u201d says Juliano Tarabal, head of the Cerrado Coffee Growers\u2019 Federation, which obtained a PGI in 2005, the second to be awarded in Brazil. In 2013 the <em>Cerrado Mineiro<\/em>, an area comprising 55 municipalities, was also recognized as a PDO. The area produces around 6 million bags of Arabica coffee, of which 70% is sold to international markets.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_420737\" style=\"max-width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-4-800.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-420737 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-4-800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1120\" srcset=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-4-800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-4-800-250x350.jpg 250w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-4-800-700x980.jpg 700w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-4-800-120x168.jpg 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"media-credits-inline\">L\u00e9o Ramos Chaves<\/span><\/a> GI status has been granted to two guarana regions: the Amazon municipality of Mau\u00e9s, and the Andir\u00e1-Marau Indian Reservation, on the border between the states of Amazonas and Par\u00e1<span class=\"media-credits\">L\u00e9o Ramos Chaves<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p>Artisanal cheeses with geographical indications have also gained recognition and popularity among Brazilian consumers. Five geographical indications have been created: four PGIs (<em>Canastra<\/em> and <em>Serro<\/em>, in Minas Gerais, <em>Col\u00f4nia Witmarsum<\/em>, in Paran\u00e1, and <em>Maraj\u00f3<\/em>, in Par\u00e1) and one PDO (<em>Serrano<\/em> artisanal cheese, produced along the border between Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul). <em>Canastra<\/em>, perhaps Brazil\u2019s best-known artisanal cheese, is made from raw cow\u2019s milk in seven municipalities located in an upland area, <em>Serra da Canastra<\/em>, from which the cheese takes its name. Canastra has become a value-added alternative to producing the more commercial <em>Minas Frescal<\/em> cheese. \u201cA minimum ripening period of 14 days makes <em>Canastra<\/em> cheese a more complex and premium product,\u201d explains J\u00fanio Cesar de Paula, a researcher at the C\u00e2ndido Tostes Dairy Institute of the Minas Gerais Agricultural Research Company (EPAMIG), in Juiz de Fora.<\/p>\n<p>A piece of <em>Minas Frescal<\/em> cheese weighing approximately 1 kilo, sold within one or two days of production, costs around R$15, roughly four times less than an equivalently sized piece of <em>Canastra<\/em> cheese, says de Paula. \u201cWe received a visit from French cheese producers in the early 2000s and they encouraged us to apply for a geographical indication,\u201d says Higor Freitas, who manages the Canastra Cheese Producers\u2019 Association (APROCAN). Production of <em>Canastra<\/em> cheese has yet to become widely established in the region. Out of around 800 local cheese producers\u2014largely small, family-run operations producing around 20 cheeses per day\u2014only 70 are members of APROCAN and regularly label their products as <em>Canastra<\/em> cheese.<\/p>\n<p>Last October, the first geographical indication was approved for products made on an Indian reservation protected by the National Indian Foundation (FUNAI). The Andir\u00e1-Marau Indian Reservation was recognized as a protected designation of origin on behalf of the Sater\u00e9-Maw\u00e9 Producers\u2019 Consortium (CPSM). Members of this ethnicity can use this designation on guarana (<em>Paullinia cupana<\/em>) grown in the mid-Amazon River basin, along the border between the states of Amazonas and Par\u00e1. The Indian reservation covers an area of 7,890 km<sup>2<\/sup> and includes parts of the municipalities of Aveiro, Itaituba, and Juruti, in Par\u00e1, and Mau\u00e9s and Barreirinha, in Amazonas. Guarana, or <em>warana, <\/em>as it is known to indigenous people, is native to the Amazon basin. \u201cThe plant was domesticated by the Sater\u00e9-Maw\u00e9 and this region is known as the genetic cradle of the species,\u201d says D\u00e9bora Gomide Santiago of the MAPA. \u201cIndigenous peoples have a tradition and the requisite know-how of producing guarana.\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_420745\" style=\"max-width: 1150px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-6-1140.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-420745 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-6-1140.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1140\" height=\"641\" srcset=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-6-1140.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-6-1140-250x141.jpg 250w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-6-1140-700x394.jpg 700w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-6-1140-120x67.jpg 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1140px) 100vw, 1140px\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"media-credits-inline\">Eduardo Cesar<\/span><\/a> Cocoa grown in southern Bahia has been granted protected geographical indication status in Brazil<span class=\"media-credits\">Eduardo Cesar<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p>The PDO recognizes the ancestral methods used by indigenous peoples to grow guarana and dry the seeds. The seeds are dried in earthen furnaces and then smoked to impart a unique flavor and help prevent spoilage. Guarana is largely grown in dark earths, a type of soil thought to be of anthropic origin, formed by organic residue left by successive human settlements. The high caffeine content in locally grown guarana, often higher than 5%, is partly attributed to cultivation in these types of soils. Guarana plantations are pollinated by stingless bees of the genus<em> Scaptotrigona.<\/em> The produce grown by indigenous groups is largely exported to Europe.<\/p>\n<p>The Indian reservation PDO is the second geographical indication approved for Amazon guarana. In January 2019, another geographical indication, the <em>Guaran\u00e1 de Mau\u00e9s<\/em> PGI, was created for an area adjacent to the Sater\u00e9-Maw\u00e9 territory. As the name implies, the <em>Mau\u00e9s<\/em> PGI covers the entire area of this municipality except the portion within the indigenous territory. <em>Mau\u00e9s<\/em> guarana is similar to the guarana produced by the Sater\u00e9-Maw\u00e9, but there are a number of differences. \u201cThe guarana seedlings we plant here are supplied by EMBRAPA, whereas indigenous people typically prefer to use plants that are available in their territories,\u201d explains Luca Dambros, vice chairman of the Mau\u00e9s Guarana Producers\u2019 Association. \u201cWe also don\u2019t smoke our guarana seeds after they have dried.\u201d Mau\u00e9s produces around 300 metric tons of guarana per year across around 1,200 smallholder properties. \u201cBut only 2.5 metric tons carried the <em>Mau\u00e9s<\/em> PGI label last year,\u201d says Dambros. \u201cThis year the figure should increase to 40 metric tons.\u201d A major advantage for products carrying the <em>Mau\u00e9s<\/em> PGI label is that they can secure higher prices on the domestic market, up to about R$28 per kilo compared to the R$15 or R$20 for regular guarana.<\/p>\n<p>Guarana is one of several Amazon products protected by geographical indications. Three regions producing cassava meal\u2014Cruzeiro do Sul, in the state of Acre; Bragan\u00e7a, in the state of Par\u00e1; and Uarini, in the state of Amazonas\u2014have recently been awarded geographical indication status. GI protection has also been awarded for Pirarucu fish harvested from an Amazon area managed by Instituto Mamirau\u00e1, an organization supported by the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation (MCTI); for cocoa grown in Tom\u00e9-A\u00e7u, in the state of Par\u00e1; and for a range of other products. Two geographical indications have also been awarded for cocoa grown in Linhares, Esp\u00edrito Santo, and in southern Bahia. Fresh mangoes and grapes grown in the sub-middle S\u00e3o Francisco River basin, and melons grown in Mossor\u00f3, in Rio Grande do Norte, are two other examples of PGIs awarded for fruits.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_420749\" style=\"max-width: 1150px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-7-1140.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-420749 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-7-1140.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1140\" height=\"641\" srcset=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-7-1140.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-7-1140-250x141.jpg 250w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-7-1140-700x394.jpg 700w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-7-1140-120x67.jpg 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1140px) 100vw, 1140px\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"media-credits-inline\">Porto Digital<\/span><\/a> Porto Digital, in Recife, is the only geographical indication awarded in Brazil for services<span class=\"media-credits\">Porto Digital<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>Pottery and digital services<\/strong><br \/>\nS\u00e3o Paulo State has two geographical indications for products not typically covered by this type of legal protection. One is for footwear produced in Franca. The other is for a ceramic artware hub in Porto Ferreira, which since the 2000s has received support from the Center for the Development of Functional Materials (CDMF), a FAPESP-funded Research, Innovation, and Dissemination Center (RIDC).<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn Porto Ferreira we retrofitted electric furnaces to natural gas ahead of the electricity crisis,\u201d says Elson Longo, a professor emeritus of chemistry at the Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos (UFSCAR), and a director at CDMF. \u201cWe also improved the ceramic clay mixture and its mechanical properties. In addition, we have provided one-off support to address problems involving pigments.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>No geographical indication is as unusual as the one awarded to Porto Digital, an information technology hub created in Recife roughly two decades ago. In 2012, it became the only applicant to be awarded GI protection for services. \u201cThe people at INPI were surprised by our application for PGI status, but they were very receptive and helpful throughout the process,\u201d recalls Heraldo Ourem, head of innovation and competitiveness at Porto Digital.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"box_capa309ing_vinhos\"><\/a>The hub, a cluster of 350 software development companies that generated R$2.8 billion in revenue last year, is located in Recife Antigo (\u201cOld Recife\u201d), a historical section of central Recife located on an island bounded by the rivers Capibaribe and Beberibe and by the Atlantic Ocean, where the state capital of Pernambuco was first founded. \u201cOur history, our geography, and our culture of innovation and social responsibility earned us the geographical indication,\u201d says Ourem. Porto Digital\u2019s pioneering application could lead other sectors\u2014both products and services\u2014to follow suit. To help consumers readily identify Brazilian PGI and PDO products, a Brazilian Geographical Indication Label has recently been created that can be used by all GIs.<\/p>\n<div class=\"box\"><strong>Southern wine as a case in point<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Perhaps because it was Brazil\u2019s first geographical indication, or because it is part of an industry in which products are heavily associated with their region of origin, <em>Vale dos Vinhedos<\/em> has become Brazil\u2019s most successful GI. Its history goes back to 1995 when the Vale dos Vinhedos Fine Wine Association (APROVALE) was founded and, with support from the Grape &amp; Wine chapter of EMBRAPA and other partners, began a physical characterization assessment (climate, soil, and terrain) of the area and filed a GI application with the INPI.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen GI protection was granted in 2002, the association had only a half-dozen members,\u201d recalls Jaime Milan, a winemaking expert who previously served as director at APROVALE, and currently provides consulting services to this and other associations, as well as serving as chair of the Brazilian Association of Geographical Indications (ABRIG), created July this year. \u201cToday, 26 vineyards and around 40 hospitality and retail establishments are members of APROVALE.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>On average, <em>Vale dos Vinhedos<\/em> produces 5 million bottles of fine wines and sparkling wines annually. That\u2019s a relatively small volume\u2014around 17% of the fine wines and 12% of the sparkling wines produced in Rio Grande do Sul, a state that accounts for 90% of Brazil\u2019s wine output. But as shown by the number and profiles of APROVALE members, the geographic indication has helped businesses to flourish and thrive in the region, in tandem with the local tourism economy.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"box_capa309ing_europa\"><\/a>In 2001 there were 45,000 visitors to Vale dos Vinhedos. In 2019, the year before the COVID-19 pandemic, nearly half a million tourists visited the vineyards in the region. \u201c<em>Vale dos Vinhedos<\/em> led the way for other geographical indications,\u201d says Hulda Oliveira Giesbrecht, an innovation analyst at the Brazilian Micro and Small Business Support Service (SEBRAE), who heads the organization\u2019s services to producers across different GI regions.<\/div>\n<div class=\"box\"><strong>A European market worth \u20ac77 billion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><div id=\"attachment_420741\" style=\"max-width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-5-800.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-420741 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-5-800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1120\" srcset=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-5-800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-5-800-250x350.jpg 250w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-5-800-700x980.jpg 700w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/034-041_capa_produtos-de-origem_309-5-800-120x168.jpg 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"media-credits-inline\">Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/a> Spanish <em>Serrano<\/em> ham is among the 3,200 geographical indications in Europe<span class=\"media-credits\">Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/p>\n<p>Nowadopted all around the world, geographical indications were first introduced in Europe. Distinctive value-added products from countries such as France, Italy, Spain, and Portugal are produced within delimited areas and in accordance with a set of rules and practices applying to the different types of GIs. A study published this year by the European Commission placed the market value of Europe\u2019s roughly 3,200 protected agricultural products at approximately \u20ac77 billion. Wines represented more than half of this figure. French and Italian products accounted for respectively a third and a fifth of Europe\u2019s total production of GI products.<\/p>\n<p>According to the Institut national de l&#8217;origine et de la qualit\u00e9 (INAO), France has 55 types of cheese protected by geographical indications, such as Camembert de Normandie, Brie de Meaux, Roquefort and Gruy\u00e8re. Italy has a similar 56 GIs for cheese products, including Gorgonzola, Parmigiano Reggiano (Parmesan cheese), Grana Padano, and Pecorino Romano. In both France and Italy, the number of geographical indications for wines exceeds by far the number of days in the year.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"In the last two decades, Brazil has created 88 geographical indications for products such as coffee, cheese, and wine","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":421013,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[156,159],"tags":[199,239,251],"coauthors":[101],"class_list":["post-421368","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cover","category-science","tag-farming","tag-geography","tag-nutrition","position_at_home-sumario"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/421368","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=421368"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/421368\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":421715,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/421368\/revisions\/421715"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/421013"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=421368"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=421368"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=421368"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=421368"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}