{"id":567921,"date":"2025-11-18T15:11:14","date_gmt":"2025-11-18T18:11:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/?p=567921"},"modified":"2025-11-18T15:11:14","modified_gmt":"2025-11-18T18:11:14","slug":"intense-droughts-the-greatest-enemy-of-amphibians","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/intense-droughts-the-greatest-enemy-of-amphibians\/","title":{"rendered":"Intense droughts, the greatest enemy of amphibians"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_567926\" style=\"max-width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright vertical\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-567926 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/RPF-notas-sapo-2025-06-800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"612\" srcset=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/RPF-notas-sapo-2025-06-800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/RPF-notas-sapo-2025-06-800-250x191.jpg 250w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/RPF-notas-sapo-2025-06-800-700x536.jpg 700w, https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/RPF-notas-sapo-2025-06-800-120x92.jpg 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"media-credits-inline\">C\u00e9lio F. B. Haddad \/ UNESP<\/span><em>Haddadus binotatus<\/em>, so far showing no signs of infection by the deadly fungus<span class=\"media-credits\">C\u00e9lio F. B. Haddad \/ UNESP<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p>Chytridiomycosis, a disease caused by the fungus <em>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis<\/em> (Bd), has been identified as responsible for the population reduction or extinction of frogs and toads almost all over the world. In Brazil, the loss is mainly linked to climate change, aggravated by deforestation and forest fragmentation. Biologists from S\u00e3o Paulo, Bahia, and Amazonas analyzed 90 Brazilian amphibian species from 1900 to 2014 and found that population decline was primarily caused by gradual or extreme climate changes, especially those associated with the El Ni\u00f1o phenomenon. In 2014, a severe drought in southern Minas Gerais resulted in a sharp reduction in the populations of 26 frog species. Chytridiomycosis often peaks in the years after episodes of population decline, suggesting that Bd acts as an opportunistic pathogen rather than the leading cause of losses. Of the frog species analyzed, eight are considered possibly extinct, while two others, <em>Hylodes mertensi<\/em> and <em>Hylodes sazimai<\/em>, are considered critically endangered and endangered respectively\u2014all were affected mainly by climate fluctuations (<a href=\"https:\/\/conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cobi.70024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Conservation Biology<\/em><\/a>, April 9).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Severe droughts have drastically reduced amphibian populations","protected":false},"author":475,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1651],"tags":[206,224,266],"coauthors":[785],"class_list":["post-567921","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-notes","tag-biodiversity","tag-ecology","tag-zoology"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/567921","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/475"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=567921"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/567921\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":567930,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/567921\/revisions\/567930"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=567921"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=567921"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=567921"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=567921"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}