- Expenditure on research and development (R&D) in São Paulo increased from R$26.8 billion in 2017 to R$27.6 billion in 2018 (in real terms, adjusted by IPCA), representing an increase of 2.7%. In the same period, São Paulo’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) rose from R$2.17 trillion to R$2.22 trillion (+2.5%).
- Relative growth was greatest at federal higher education institutions (HEIs), FAPESP, and businesses. The biggest declines occurred at FINEP, state research institutes, and the CNPq.
- São Paulo state universities were responsible for 73% of spending in the higher education sector, while FAPESP accounted for 47% of expenditure by funding agencies.
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