Issue # 353 _ July 2025

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Cover

Brazil's carbon footprint determined by deforestation and agriculture
The two sectors account for 70% of the country’s greenhouse gases emissions By
Cuts to US science budgets threaten global climate research
Discontinuation of NASA and NOAA projects monitoring the atmosphere and oceans for decades poses a major risk By

 

Immunology

Vaccines protect the immunocompromised against severe forms of COVID-19

Immune cells that fight the virus compensate for failure to produce antibodies

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Affirmative action policies

More Black people leading research groups in Brazil

According to an analysis by IPEA, the percentage of people of color leading research teams rose from 8.1% to 22.6% between 2000 and 2023

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Ranking

New trends in trademark and patent registrations in Brazil in 2024

INPI list offers details of innovation activities

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Funding

Support programs for innovative small businesses gain traction as R&D policy around the world

Inspired by the American model, these initiatives offer nonrepayable grants to small companies

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Geosciences

Landslide scars and shallower rivers increase Rio Grande do Sul’s vulnerability to rainfall

Millions of tons of sediment were carried from the state’s hills into its waterways

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Public health

Number of scorpion stings increased by 154% in Brazil from 2014 to 2023

The Southeast and Northeast regions were where the highest numbers of cases occurred

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Physiology

Physical exercise reduces death of insulin-producing cells

Researchers observed the effect in experimental diabetes models

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Biochemistry

First membranes may have laid the foundations for life on Earth

Study simulates primitive cell structures and advances understanding of the origin of life

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Epidemiology

Bacteria that causes leprosy was present in the Americas before the Europeans

Mycobacterium leprae, the main species, was brought over by the Europeans, but M. lepromatosis had already been on the continent for at least 1,000 years

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Paleontology

Hell ant found in the Brazilian Northeast is the oldest in the world

Insect lived 113 million years ago and had a vertical jaw, unlike current species

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Energy

Brazil begins development of nuclear microreactors

Electricity generation system under development in the country with the aim of serving isolated communities in place of diesel generators

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Biotechnology

Gene editing accelerates cattle improvement

Calves with shorter hair represent the first uses of CRISPR in animal breeding

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Innovation

New technologies to reduce water waste

Universities and companies invest in solutions for detecting leaks in water distribution networks

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Gender

10 years since Femicide Law came into force

Despite the legislation, which establishes a sentence of up to 40 years in prison, the crime continues to occur frequently in Brazil

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Anthropology

Brazilian initiatives mark the Decade of Indigenous Languages

Launch of the Kuikuro-Portuguese dictionary and documentation center seeks to strengthen linguistic rights of Indigenous peoples in Brazil

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Architecture

The challenge of preserving tile azulejos

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