Retrospect

RETROSPECT

Bells of the sacred and profane

Each with their own names and different sounds for different occasions, church bells have been rung for centuries to mark time, announce deaths, call people to mass, and create music on festive dates

By

MEMORY

The grande dame of botany

An advisor to students even before she studied biology, Graziela Barroso described 132 new species of plants

By

RETROSPECT

The sky, as seen from the Missions

With telescopes made alongside the Guaraní people of southern Brazil, Jesuit Buenaventura Suárez closely observed lunar and solar eclipses and Jupiter's moons in the eighteenth century

By

Retrospect

The bridge-building physicist

Jean Meyer showed that alternative energy science could be a driving force in Brazilian development

By

Retrospect

Portrait of the rocks that shape the country

First geological map made solely by Brazilians, in 1940, conveys the country's effort to find oil

By

RETROSPECT

The roots of hunger

Josué de Castro exposed the economic, social, and biological bases of chronic malnutrition

By and

RETROSPECT

The science rebel

Credited with discovering bradykinin, Maurício Oscar da Rocha e Silva fought to overcome the narrow-mindedness within scientific institutions before his death 40 years ago

By

RETROSPECT

Pasteur’s ideas in our daily lives

Born 200 years ago, the French chemist established the methods used to this day to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases

By

RETROSPECT

The Amazon’s Treasure

In an eighteenth-century book, a Portuguese Jesuit shows empathy for Indigenous peoples and, as a naturalist, describes rivers, plants, and animals

By

RETROSPECT

The utopian torch

The hundredth anniversary celebration for Darcy Ribeiro highlights the anthropologist's contribution to sociology and education

By

RETROSPECT

The history of science through letters

Oswaldo Cruz’s correspondence reflects the communication among doctors and the formation of healthcare institutions in the early twentieth century

By

RETROSPECT

Buried wealth in Imperial Brazil

Wilhelm Eschwege conducted the first major survey of the country’s mineral wealth from 1811 to 1821

By

RETROSPECT

Modernism exposition

The Independence Centennial Exposition demonstrated Brazil’s desire to build an increasingly industrial economy, which would only begin to take shape ten years later

By

RETROSPECT

Rio-92 consolidated environmental concepts

World conference 30 years ago expanded the international debate on environmental problems started in the late 1960s

By

RETROSPECT

Nineteenth century Portuguese ship identified

Historian from Lisbon recognizes the Prince of Brazil in drawings kept at British museum

By

Retrospect

A Brazilian-style liberal

José da Silva Lisboa, Viscount of Cairu, defended the Independence of Brazil and adapted European theories to the early nineteenth-century Brazilian economy

By

Retrospect

From Lisbon to Recife in 67 days

Exactly 100 years ago, two Portuguese aviators pioneered air navigation as they completed the world’s first flight across the South Atlantic

By

Retrospect

Side effects of hunger

In 1865, a Brazilian physician described an eye disease caused by malnutrition that was common among black slaves

By

Retrospect

An observer of Amazon peoples

Materials collected by German anthropologist Protásio Frikel between 1938 and 1974 have continued to yield a wealth of data for research about indigenous groups in northern Pará

By

Retrospect

The scourge of disease during the Paraguayan War

Most soldiers who fought in the largest armed conflict in South America died of cholera and other infectious diseases, rather than in battle

By

Retrospect

Tales from Antiquity

A book of important historical texts translated into Portuguese is about to turn 50

By

Retrospect

Between stars, politicians and artists

Mario Schenberg was a prominent theoretical physicist, congressman, and art critic

By

Retrospect

Perfecting the art of cachaça making

How a self-taught chemist helped to improve cachaça production techniques in the late eighteenth century

By

RETROSPECT

The first schoolbooks

From 1821 onward, private publishing houses took over the production of books for primary education

By

RETROSPECT

The shadow of the white plague

Tuberculosis persists, even 100 years after its vaccine was invented

By

Retrospect

Education for democracy

Anísio Teixeira’s work is the basis for the defense of public, free, and secular education in Brazil

By

Retrospect

The discovery of insulin

The purification and pharmaceutical formulation of the hormone insulin, beginning 100 years ago, and its production in Brazil half a century ago, brought diabetes under control

By

Retrospect

Open pathways to the first vaccine

The techniques and concepts used to eradicate smallpox in Brazil 50 years ago are still applied today to contain epidemics

By

Retrospect

Physician, anthropologist, and broadcaster

Inquisitive and inventive, Edgard Roquette-Pinto participated in the country’s antiracial movements and the introduction of radio

By

RETROSPECT

The beginnings of pediatrics

In the late nineteenth century, Rio de Janeiro doctors worked together to reduce child mortality rates

By