Retrospect

RETROSPECT

Buried wealth in Imperial Brazil

Wilhelm Eschwege conducted the first major survey of the country’s mineral wealth from 1811 to 1821

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RETROSPECT

Modernism exposition

The Independence Centennial Exposition demonstrated Brazil’s desire to build an increasingly industrial economy, which would only begin to take shape ten years later

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RETROSPECT

Rio-92 consolidated environmental concepts

World conference 30 years ago expanded the international debate on environmental problems started in the late 1960s

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RETROSPECT

Nineteenth century Portuguese ship identified

Historian from Lisbon recognizes the Prince of Brazil in drawings kept at British museum

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Retrospect

A Brazilian-style liberal

José da Silva Lisboa, Viscount of Cairu, defended the Independence of Brazil and adapted European theories to the early nineteenth-century Brazilian economy

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Retrospect

From Lisbon to Recife in 67 days

Exactly 100 years ago, two Portuguese aviators pioneered air navigation as they completed the world’s first flight across the South Atlantic

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Retrospect

Side effects of hunger

In 1865, a Brazilian physician described an eye disease caused by malnutrition that was common among black slaves

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Retrospect

An observer of Amazon peoples

Materials collected by German anthropologist Protásio Frikel between 1938 and 1974 have continued to yield a wealth of data for research about indigenous groups in northern Pará

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Retrospect

The scourge of disease during the Paraguayan War

Most soldiers who fought in the largest armed conflict in South America died of cholera and other infectious diseases, rather than in battle

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Retrospect

Tales from Antiquity

A book of important historical texts translated into Portuguese is about to turn 50

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Retrospect

Between stars, politicians and artists

Mario Schenberg was a prominent theoretical physicist, congressman, and art critic

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Retrospect

Perfecting the art of cachaça making

How a self-taught chemist helped to improve cachaça production techniques in the late eighteenth century

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RETROSPECT

The first schoolbooks

From 1821 onward, private publishing houses took over the production of books for primary education

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RETROSPECT

The shadow of the white plague

Tuberculosis persists, even 100 years after its vaccine was invented

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Retrospect

Education for democracy

Anísio Teixeira’s work is the basis for the defense of public, free, and secular education in Brazil

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Retrospect

The discovery of insulin

The purification and pharmaceutical formulation of the hormone insulin, beginning 100 years ago, and its production in Brazil half a century ago, brought diabetes under control

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Retrospect

Open pathways to the first vaccine

The techniques and concepts used to eradicate smallpox in Brazil 50 years ago are still applied today to contain epidemics

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Retrospect

Physician, anthropologist, and broadcaster

Inquisitive and inventive, Edgard Roquette-Pinto participated in the country’s antiracial movements and the introduction of radio

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RETROSPECT

The beginnings of pediatrics

In the late nineteenth century, Rio de Janeiro doctors worked together to reduce child mortality rates

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Retrospect

The roots of environmentalism

Colonial period exploitation, and the counterculture movement influenced the course of research and environmental defense in Brazil

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Retrospect

The multifaceted legacy of a structuralist

One hundred years after his birth, concepts formulated by economist Celso Furtado remain influential in multiple fields

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Memory

The chemist of evolution

Otto Gottlieb associated the structural complexity of substances with the development plants and their environment

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Retrospect

Calculus of a poet

Joaquim Cardozo, from Recife, was responsible for the calculations that made Oscar Niemeyer's innovative Brasília architecture possible

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Retrospect

War on the plague

Doctors and public authorities acted quickly against a bubonic plague outbreak in Santos in 1899

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Memory

A working-class intellectual

Born 100 years ago, sociologist Florestan Fernandes developed a new way of looking at Brazil

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Retrospect

At the atom’s core

Born 100 years ago this year, theoretical physicist Jayme Tiomno studied particle interactions in the atom’s nucleus

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Retrospect

In the palm of the hand

A São Paulo physician developed a portable respirator in the 1950s

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Retrospect

An infinite frontier

National Science Foundation celebrates 70 years of global influence

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Retrospect

An x-ray of Brazilian agriculture

Brazil’s first Census of Agriculture in 1920 marked the country’s early transition from an agricultural to an industrial economy

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Retrospect

Cameras in the operating room

Photographer and filmmaker Benedito Duarte has produced around 500 documentaries on medical activities and research in São Paulo

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