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Retrospect

Retrospect

Perfecting the art of cachaça making

How a self-taught chemist helped to improve cachaça production techniques in the late eighteenth century

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RETROSPECT

The first schoolbooks

From 1821 onward, private publishing houses took over the production of books for primary education

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RETROSPECT

The shadow of the white plague

Tuberculosis persists, even 100 years after its vaccine was invented

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Retrospect

Education for democracy

Anísio Teixeira’s work is the basis for the defense of public, free, and secular education in Brazil

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Retrospect

The discovery of insulin

The purification and pharmaceutical formulation of the hormone insulin, beginning 100 years ago, and its production in Brazil half a century ago, brought diabetes under control

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Retrospect

Open pathways to the first vaccine

The techniques and concepts used to eradicate smallpox in Brazil 50 years ago are still applied today to contain epidemics

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Retrospect

Physician, anthropologist, and broadcaster

Inquisitive and inventive, Edgard Roquette-Pinto participated in the country’s antiracial movements and the introduction of radio

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RETROSPECT

The beginnings of pediatrics

In the late nineteenth century, Rio de Janeiro doctors worked together to reduce child mortality rates

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Retrospect

The roots of environmentalism

Colonial period exploitation, and the counterculture movement influenced the course of research and environmental defense in Brazil

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Retrospect

The multifaceted legacy of a structuralist

One hundred years after his birth, concepts formulated by economist Celso Furtado remain influential in multiple fields

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Memory

The chemist of evolution

Otto Gottlieb associated the structural complexity of substances with the development plants and their environment

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Retrospect

Calculus of a poet

Joaquim Cardozo, from Recife, was responsible for the calculations that made Oscar Niemeyer's innovative Brasília architecture possible

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Retrospect

War on the plague

Doctors and public authorities acted quickly against a bubonic plague outbreak in Santos in 1899

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Memory

A working-class intellectual

Born 100 years ago, sociologist Florestan Fernandes developed a new way of looking at Brazil

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Retrospect

At the atom’s core

Born 100 years ago this year, theoretical physicist Jayme Tiomno studied particle interactions in the atom’s nucleus

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Retrospect

In the palm of the hand

A São Paulo physician developed a portable respirator in the 1950s

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Retrospect

An infinite frontier

National Science Foundation celebrates 70 years of global influence

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Retrospect

An x-ray of Brazilian agriculture

Brazil’s first Census of Agriculture in 1920 marked the country’s early transition from an agricultural to an industrial economy

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Retrospect

Cameras in the operating room

Photographer and filmmaker Benedito Duarte has produced around 500 documentaries on medical activities and research in São Paulo

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Retrospect

A coveted territory

A treaty signed 60 years ago governs occupation and scientific research in Antarctica

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Retrospect

Teaching a trade

Established in 1909, Escolas de Aprendizes Artífices were the start of a technical education network that now has federal institutes spread across 644 campuses

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Retrospect

Anatomy lessons

A 1613 dictionary written by a Brazilian Jesuit priest recorded the Tupi's knowledge of the human body

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Retrospect

Early flight

A northeastern military officer built two domestically developed airplane models that flew successfully in 1917 and 1918

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Retrospect

The lost flies of genetics

On the centenary of the birth of Crodowaldo Pavan, who was central to the development of Brazilian genetics, insects continue to spur research

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Retrospect

The intimate life of the sertão

After eight decades, Graciliano Ramos's Vidas Secas (Barren Lives) remains a fundamental novel in the construction of Brazil's imaginary repertory

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Retrospect

An ecologist in the New World

Naturalist Alexander von Humboldt explored the Americas in the early nineteenth century and alerted the world to human impact on the environment

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Retrospect

A physicist with a passion for light

Sérgio Porto played an important role in the introduction and application of laser technology in several fields in Brazil

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RETROSPECT

Fight for the forest

For 30 years, IBAMA has been working to protect the environment in Brazil through operations based on technical studies and scientific research

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Retrospect

Reasoned dialog

Seventy years ago, a movement led by a group of scientists catalyzed the creation of the Brazilian Center for Physics Research

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Retrospect

The other evolutionist

Alfred Wallace, a lesser-known contributor to the theory of evolution, explored the Amazon between 1848 and 1852, where he collected specimens, wrote, and sketched

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