Retrospect

RETROSPECT

The past dangers of receiving blood

Until early 20th century discoveries, transfusions depended essentially on luck

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Retrospect

Glass negatives depict science in the early twentieth century

Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro and other institutions preserve rare photographic collections

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RETROSPECT

Revolt against the weighing scale

The implementation of the Decimal Metric System in Brazil caused a popular protest that was strongly repressed during the Brazilian Empire, 150 years ago

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Retrospect

The first transatlantic telegraph cable in Brazil

Installed 150 years ago, the innovation helped newspapers and encouraged the creation of news agencies around the country

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Retrospect

In Japan, to see Venus

One hundred and fifty years ago, a Brazilian astronomer traveled halfway around the world to calculate the distance between the Earth and the Sun

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Retrospect

Amazement and horror in nineteenth-century Rio

Paintings by two artists who accompanied Darwin on the Beagle voyage recorded the exuberance of nature and social contrasts

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Retrospect

A new structure for São Paulo’s education system

In 1933, the Education Code established rules for school construction, prioritized teacher training, and developed an educational model

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Retrospect

Pelletron seeking partnerships

At 50 years old, the most powerful atomic nucleus accelerator in Brazil plans renovations so that it can stay in operation

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Retrospect

Veterans of the Nióbio Project try to rescue it from obscurity

45 years ago, researchers and technicians began developing domestic technology for metal production in Lorena, São Paulo

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RETROSPECT

An ongoing epidemic

Identified 40 years ago, HIV has changed the way we look at infectious diseases

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Retrospect

Social security and 100 years of transformation

A review of the origins of Brazil’s pension system offers insight into present-day dilemmas

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RETROSPECT

Brazil’s first roadways

Constructed using Scottish paving techniques from the mid-nineteenth century, early roadways were instrumental in promoting territorial integration

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RETROSPECT

Bells of the sacred and profane

Each with their own names and different sounds for different occasions, church bells have been rung for centuries to mark time, announce deaths, call people to mass, and create music on festive dates

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MEMORY

The grande dame of botany

An advisor to students even before she studied biology, Graziela Barroso described 132 new species of plants

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RETROSPECT

The sky, as seen from the Missions

With telescopes made alongside the Guaraní people of southern Brazil, Jesuit Buenaventura Suárez closely observed lunar and solar eclipses and Jupiter's moons in the eighteenth century

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Retrospect

The bridge-building physicist

Jean Meyer showed that alternative energy science could be a driving force in Brazilian development

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Retrospect

Portrait of the rocks that shape the country

First geological map made solely by Brazilians, in 1940, conveys the country's effort to find oil

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RETROSPECT

The roots of hunger

Josué de Castro exposed the economic, social, and biological bases of chronic malnutrition

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RETROSPECT

The science rebel

Credited with discovering bradykinin, Maurício Oscar da Rocha e Silva fought to overcome the narrow-mindedness within scientific institutions before his death 40 years ago

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RETROSPECT

Pasteur’s ideas in our daily lives

Born 200 years ago, the French chemist established the methods used to this day to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases

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RETROSPECT

The Amazon’s Treasure

In an eighteenth-century book, a Portuguese Jesuit shows empathy for Indigenous peoples and, as a naturalist, describes rivers, plants, and animals

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RETROSPECT

The utopian torch

The hundredth anniversary celebration for Darcy Ribeiro highlights the anthropologist's contribution to sociology and education

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RETROSPECT

The history of science through letters

Oswaldo Cruz’s correspondence reflects the communication among doctors and the formation of healthcare institutions in the early twentieth century

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RETROSPECT

Buried wealth in Imperial Brazil

Wilhelm Eschwege conducted the first major survey of the country’s mineral wealth from 1811 to 1821

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RETROSPECT

Modernism exposition

The Independence Centennial Exposition demonstrated Brazil’s desire to build an increasingly industrial economy, which would only begin to take shape ten years later

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RETROSPECT

Rio-92 consolidated environmental concepts

World conference 30 years ago expanded the international debate on environmental problems started in the late 1960s

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RETROSPECT

Nineteenth century Portuguese ship identified

Historian from Lisbon recognizes the Prince of Brazil in drawings kept at British museum

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Retrospect

A Brazilian-style liberal

José da Silva Lisboa, Viscount of Cairu, defended the Independence of Brazil and adapted European theories to the early nineteenth-century Brazilian economy

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Retrospect

From Lisbon to Recife in 67 days

Exactly 100 years ago, two Portuguese aviators pioneered air navigation as they completed the world’s first flight across the South Atlantic

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Retrospect

Side effects of hunger

In 1865, a Brazilian physician described an eye disease caused by malnutrition that was common among black slaves

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